ResumoA Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição ressalta a importância do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional -SISVAN, que se destina à identificação do diagnóstico descritivo e analítico da situação alimentar e nutricional da população brasileira, contribuindo para que se conheça a natureza e a magnitude dos problemas nutricionais do país. Este artigo visa apresentar o histórico das ações da Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil, desde sua idealização até a prática atual, destacando a superação das limitações encontradas ao longo dos anos, o fortalecimento obtido por meio dos marcos legais e os desafios enfrentados neste momento. Entende-se hoje que o SISVAN só pode ser conduzido utilizando-se uma combinação de estratégias, sendo as principais: o sistema informatizado do SISVAN, os inquéritos populacionais, as Chamadas Nutricionais, a análise das bases de dados nacionais da saúde, o acesso à produção científica e o financiamento de pesquisas sobre o tema.Palavras-chave: Vigilância Nutricional. Monitoramento. Estado nutricional. Consumo alimentar.

Abstract

Métodos de análise em programas de segurança alimentar e nutricional: uma experiência no BrasilMethods of analysis of food and nutritional security programs: an experience in Brazil

Objective: to evaluate the implementation of the Results Control, Monitoring and Evaluation System (e-Car) at the Health Surveillance Secretariat (SVS), Brazilian Ministry of Health, in the period 2012-2015. Methods: this was an evaluation study using mixed methods for collection of primary and secondary data, followed by definition of the system's degree of implementation and analysis of the influence of the political-organizational context. Results: the e-Car System was considered to have been implemented (75.4%) at SVS; the worst scores for its structure dimension related to the computer and operating system maintenance service, as well as little knowledge of the system manual; as for the system's process dimension, the existence of collegiate bodies was considered beneficial for monitoring. Conclusion: the e-Car System had been implemented at SVS; however, its sustainability was fragile, and SVS was recommended to institutionalize and strengthen its monitoring and evaluation practices.

OBJECTIVE:To describe the nutritional situation of children under five years old resident in three cities of Brazil's northeastern region. METHODS: A transversal epidemiological study was undertaken with the participation of 1,378 children. The anthropometric measurements height/age, weight/age and weight/height were calculated in terms of the Z score. Children's growth curves of the World Health Organization were used as reference. RESULTS: Higher proportions were found of overweight/ height (8.3% in Barra de São Miguel, 10.3% in Cabedelo and 5.9% in Tibau do Sul) than of deficit (1.5% in Barra de São Miguel, 1.9% in Cabedelo and 0.9% in Tibau do Sul). A higher prevalence of the height deficit was observed (5.9% in Barra de São Miguel, 5.5% in Cabedelo and 4.6% in Tibau do Sul) than of the weight deficit (3.6% in Barra de São Miguel, 2.5 % in Cabedelo and 1.5% in Tibau do Sul). CONCLUSION: The nutritional status of the group studied was unfavorable. Actions to promote adequate eating habits within the context of food and nutrition programs and policies should, therefore, be prioritized. The high prevalence of height deficit and overweight highlights the vulnerability of this group and the sum of the necessary actions should produce an impact by reversing this nutritional profile.

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