There is growing interest in conceptualizing and diagnosing frailty. Less is understood, however, about older adults’ perceptions of the term “frail”, and the implications of being classified as “frail”. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the breadth of primary studies; and describe the meaning, perceptions, and perceived implications of frailty language amongst community-dwelling older adults. Eight studies were included in the review and three core themes were identified: (1) understanding frailty as inevitable age-related decline in multiple domains, (2) perceiving frailty as a generalizing label, and (3) perceiving impacts of language on health and health care utilization. Clinical practice recommendations for health care professionals working with individuals with frailty include: (1) maintaining a holistic view of frailty that extends beyond physical function to include psychosocial and environmental constructs, (2) using person-first language, and (3) using a strengths-based approach to discuss aspects of frailty.
ResumoA brincadeira é um fenômeno universal que apresenta aspectos peculiares os quais são infl uenciados por elementos dos ambientes físico, social, cultural e pelas características das crianças. Esses aspectos permitem compreender a brincadeira como produto e produtor do desenvolvimento humano, pois é por meio dela que o indivíduo experimenta, de uma forma segura, comportamentos que, em situações normais, isto é, fora do contexto lúdico, poderiam ter consequências sociais aversivas. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de descrever as brincadeiras ribeirinhas amazônicas. Participaram da pesquisa 66 crianças e adolescentes, moradores da comunidade do rio Araraiana, cuja faixa etária está entre 0 e 18 anos, dos quais 32 meninos e 34 meninas. Utilizou-se o Inventário Sociodemográfi co (ISD) e o Inventário Espontâneo das Brincadeiras (IEB). Os dados revelaram uma diversidade de brincadeiras: a brincadeira simbólica, jogos com regras, brincadeira locomotora, brincadeiras com objetos e com animais e brincadeira de construção. Os resultados demonstram que as brincadeiras expressam, em sua maioria, o dia a dia da comunidade como: a construção de brinquedos de barco e espingarda, situações com temas domésticos (cozinha, boneca) e ligados ao meio de subsistência como pescar, conduzir canoa, construir gaiola. Portanto, as brincadeiras de maneira geral retratam aspectos peculiares do ambiente físico, social e cultural do universo infantil da comunidade ribeirinha estudada.Palavras-chave: Brincadeira, Amazônia, comunidade, criança, adolescente. A Descriptive Study of Child's Play in an AmazonianRiverside Community AbstractPlay is a universal phenomenon which has peculiar aspects which are infl uenced by elements of the physical, social, and cultural environments by the characteristics of children. These aspects allow us to 1 Endereço para correspondência: Conjunto Cidade Nova V,
In this commentary we describe the interplay between 1) contemporary popular and professional understandings of “risk” and “normality” in health and healthcare, and 2) the promotion by state and market forces of individual self-regulation of health. We draw upon the work of critical theorists who have described the relationship between risk, fear, and the notion of “normal” in health discourse to argue that these factors act, primarily via the popular media, to shape the discourse on, and overuse of, diagnostic tests in Canada.
Diagnosing and responding to frailty in older adult populations is of growing interest for health care professionals, researchers and policymakers. Preventing frailty has the potential to improve health outcomes for older adults, which in turn has significant implications for health care systems. However, little is known about how older people understand and perceive the term “frailty”, and what it means for them to be designated as frail. To address this concern, a scoping review was undertaken to map the breadth of primary research studies that focus on community-dwelling older adults’ perceptions and understanding of frailty language, as well as explore the potential implications of being classified as frail. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Ageline, PsychInfo, CINAHL and EMBASE databases for articles published between January 1994 and February 2019. 4639 articles were screened and ten articles met the inclusion criteria, detailing eight primary research studies. Using content analysis, three core themes were identified across the included studies. These themes included: 1) understanding frailty as a multi-dimensional concept and inevitable consequence of aging, 2) perceiving frailty as a generalizing and harmful label; and 3) resisting and responding to frailty. Recommendations stemming from this review include the need for health care professionals to use person-centered language with older adults, discuss the term frailty with caution, and be aware of the potential consequences of labeling a person as frail. Importantly, this review demonstrates that for frailty interventions to be successful and meaningful for older adults, ongoing and critical examination of frailty language is necessary.
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