Inter-ethnic and inter-confessional peace is an essential factor for sustainable development, civil society, and preservation of statehood. The most significant challenges we face today, especially the last few years, are closely connected with an acute problem of avoiding ethnic and inter-confessional conflict risks, and erosion of national and civic identity as a result of globalization. Social philosophy approach to the understanding of national and civic identity is important because any identity is a social construct formed in social interaction, and the use of philosophical methods can provide the study involving all factors that influence this phenomenon: political, economic, social, psychological, and others. The purpose of this article is to study possible targets to prevent ethnic and confessional conflict risks and preserve the unique national and civic identity of each nation and each state. Methodological basis for the research comprises philosophical principles, including dialectic synthesis, the transformation of quantity into quality and vice versa, and dialectical contradictions; a philosophical principle of determinism; and a system activity approach. The leading theoretical method to study the problem is a content analysis of scientific papers relevant to the issue under consideration, and factors affecting and contributing to distortion of national and civic identities. The article discusses the definition of identity as the protean term self, self-identity of an individual, a particular group affiliation according to the person's nationality, religion, social status, profession, etc. The inadequate treatment and false interpretation of history, the absence of a national or patriotic idea that is able to unite the people, the insufficient role of the state, and enforcing unconventional views, norms and values have been considered as risks encouraging national and civic identity distortion. The risk of ethnic and religious conflicts occurs when there is a discrepancy between national and civic identities, or their distortion due to economic, political, social crises, or, as it sometimes happens, external influence.
The coronavirus pandemic has caused a rather difficult period of adaptation of students to the university system and the new educational process. Digital technologies came to the rescue, which contributed to some solution of emerging adaptation issues for nonresident students. This article is aimed at identifying the features of social adaptation of nonresident students to the educational process at the university. As a research method, the questionnaire method was used, which allowed to identify and analyze the peculiarities of adaptation of first-year students from other cities to the university environment and university requirements. The article reveals the influence of digital technologies on the adaptation of students to the university environment and new living conditions. It was determined that, in general, the participants have a high level of adaptation to the university environment, even in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. Keywords: digital technologies; educational environment; social adaptation; student youth
In this research, information about Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and Distance education was given to prospective sci-ence teachers and the integration of STEM into courses was emphasized. On the other hand, an experimental study was conducted to support the re-search on STEM Education and distance education. The study group of this research consisted of 328 science teacher candidates studying in the 4th grade of university. Some of these students were randomly selected as the experimental group and the others as the control group. In the study carried out in the science laboratory course, while the course was taught according to STEM Education and Distance Education in the experimental group; In the control group, the lessons continued as normal. The application in ques-tion was carried out based on a quasi-experimental study. The study was implemented during the 2020-2021 fall semester. Before the application, the learning level test, which was valid and reliable, was applied regarding the subjects. As a result of the application, a significant difference was found between the students in the experimental group and the students in the control group in favor of the experimental group in which STEM Educa-tion and Distance Education were applied. In line with these results, STEM Education and Distance Education were found to be effective in improving the success of university teacher candidates, and it was added to the re-search results.
The paper deals with the challenges that the modern society development faces in social interaction both at the macro level (international interaction, interaction within individual states) and the micro level (the level of interaction in and between small social groups, and interpersonal communication). Social and philosophical understanding of the phenomena of Machiavellianism and manipulative behavior is a relevant issue because in any of the manifestations they are considered as social constructs developing in social interaction, and using philosophical methods and taking into account all the factors influencing them we contribute to their investigation: objective (social) and subjective (psychological). The purpose of the study embraces analysis of different approaches to understand Machiavellianism and manipulative behavior and their evolution from social and political philosophy to social psychology, generalize and develop a more general and complex point of view concerning their essence and determinism. The research methods applied include the philosophical principles of development as the methodological basis to study the issue. These principles cover laws of dialectics: the law of dialectical synthesis, the law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes, the law of the unity and conflict of opposites; the philosophical principle of determinism; and a systemic activity approach. The main theoretical method used is the content analysis of scientific papers related to the topic of discussion, which allows a comprehensive analysis of the factors associated with the development and manifestation of Machiavellianism and manipulative behavior. The paper analyzes the ideas of Niccolo Machiavelli and his followers, their relationship with the phenomena of Machiavellianism and manipulation, as well as the evolution of these concepts from social and political philosophy considering their global manifestations in politics and the implementation of political power to social psychology studying them in the aspect of interpersonal interaction from the social and philosophical point of view. The criteria underlying the phenomena of Machiavellianism and manipulative behavior are determined on the basis of the system-activity approach. It has been established that the characteristics of Machiavellianism and manipulation (indirect, hidden and implicit influence, deception, disregard of moral and ethical norms and social and cultural values, focus on domination, control, coercion, use of force, use of the other as things, objects, programming of thoughts, intentions, etc.) are the features of public administration sphere, refer to peculiar and interpersonal relations. Key words: Machiavellianism, manipulation, social and political philosophy, manipulative behavior IntroductionThe relevance of the study of Machiavellianism and manipulation due to the challenges in the modern stage of the society development, entailing changes in social interaction at the macro level (international cooperation, ...
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