Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) plays an important role in tissue repair in liver and renal damage. The clinical significance of this growth factor in these diseases has also been reported. The lung is one of the major sources of HGF/SF; because of this, we investigated serum HGF/SF levels in 26 patients with inflammatory lung disease (15 with interstitial pneumonitis [IP], 11 with bacterial pneumonia [BP]) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As controls, we measured HGF/SF in the serum of 13 stable outpatients with chronic respiratory failure. All patients had no significant liver or renal dysfunction. Serum HGF/SF levels were significantly elevated in patients with IP (1.16 +/- 0.22 ng/ml) or BP (0.96 +/- 0.27 ng/ml) compared with those in the control subjects (0.29 +/- 0.03 ng/ml, both p < 0.01). Serum HGF/SF levels in 14 healthy subjects were also studied, and the results (0.30 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) were not remarkably different from those of the control subjects. There were no significant correlations between serum HGF/SF levels and C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase. Serum HGF/SF levels in the surviving patients rapidly decreased with treatment, but they did not change in the patients who ultimately died. Our results demonstrate the clinical significance of serum HGF/SF level as a useful indicator of prognosis in inflammatory lung disease.
A case of a 6Q-year-old Japanese woman with small cell lung cancer involving skin and stomach is reported. She was diagnosed as primary small cell lung cancer accompanied by extensive cutaneous metastases. Three months after the last chemotherapy, she complained of nausea and vomiting. Brain CT scan showed no evidence of central nervous system involvement. Upper gastrointestinal study and upper gastrointestinal fiberscopy revealed multiple metastatic gastric tumors. Skin and stomach are uncommon metastatic sites for any malignancy. Furthermore, only a few cases with gastric metastasis could be diagnosed during their lifetime.
SUMMARYWe investigated the levels of TGF-/? in malignant pleural effusions (MPE) caused by malignant mesothelioma (MESO) or primary lung cancer. TGF-/? levels in MPE caused by MESO were 283-9 ± 219-2pM (mean is.d.) and were three to six times higher than those due to primary lung cancers (P < 0-01 or P < 0-05). We also evaluated TGF-/?1-and /32-like activities in MPE using specific polyclonal antibodies. Although TGF-/?l-like activity could be detected in all cases, TGF-^2-like activities were detected in five of seven in MESO and in a few cases with primary lung cancer. These results demonstrate that the levels of total TGF-/? and TGF-/?2-like activity may be clinically useful to differentiate MESO from primary lung cancer. Our data also suggest that TGF-/? may help further characterize the clinical features of MESO.Keywords TGF-jSl TGF-,32 malignant pleural effusion malignant mesothelioma primary lung cancer
SUMMARYTransforming growth factor-beta (TGF-/J) is one ofthe cytokines whieh play an immunosuppressive role in an inflammatory process. To investigate the local production of TGF-/i. we evaluated the levels of TGF-/J in tuberculous picural effusions (TBPH) and non-tuberculous benign pleura! effusions (non-TBPE) by the growth inhibition assay with MvlLu mink lung epitheliai cells. The mean level of TGF-/f in TBPE (46 1 ± 31 5 pM; mean ± s.d.) was higher than in non-TBPE (217+12-3 pM) (/*<005). Although the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-/) in TBPE measured by FLISA was significantly higher than in non-TBPE. there was no significant difference in the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) measured by ELISA between these two groups. Moreover, to elucidate localization of TGF"-// in tuberculous pleurisy, immunohistochemical studies of pleura, using the rabbit polyclonal antibody Ab39 against latent TGF-^1 binding protein (LTBP) were performed. Results revealed that LTBP was localized in immature fibrotic areas where infiltrations of T lymphocytes and maerophages were absent. Importantly, the major sources of LTBP in these areas were thought to be mesothclial cells and fibroblasts. LTBP was not found in granulomas and mature fibrotic areas. Our data suggest that JGF-fi in tuberculous pleurisy may play important roles for regression of granulomatous inflammation and pleural fibrosis for tissue repair.
This study was designed to assess whether the excessive secretion of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with TGF‐β1 gene may be linked to the development of a metastatic phenotype. We observed large numbers of metastatic colonies in the lungs of nude mice inoculated with the transfected CHO cells. The tumors derived from these transfected cells demonstrated marked angiogenesis. We postulate that the overproduction of TGF‐β1 by these tumors may participate in the metastatic progression following establishment of angiogenesis at the primary tumor site.
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