Enjoyment through activities has an important impact on the positive development of young people. The general objective of this work is to know the characteristics of enjoyment in young students and its relationship with the sense of personal fulfillment. Method. 839 high school and university students participated (63.9% female) between the ages of 13 and 30 (M = 18.40; SD = 4.82) from Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA)/Argentina. Instruments: Scale of Enjoyment in Activity (EDA), Scale of Personal Fulfillment (ESAR) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out, the reliability of the factors was studied, t tests and ANOVAs for the differences between groups, Pearson's correlation and simple linear regression were performed. Results: The EFA yielded two factors that explain 66.6% of the variance. Enjoyment can be known through two subscales: positive affect and involvement. The activities they enjoy the most are physical-sports, artistic and social. Men show more involvement than women and secondary students show more involvement than young people at the university level. Enjoyment predicts a sense of personal fulfillment. Future studies will make it possible to know the ability of enjoyment to predict health and well-being parameters in the young population. El disfrute a través de las actividades tiene un importante impacto en el desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes. El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer las características del disfrute en jóvenes estudiantes y su relación con el sentido de realización personal. Método. Participaron 839 estudiantes secundarios y universitarios (63.9% femenino) de 13 a 30 años (M=18.40; DE=4.82) del Área Metropolitana Bonaerense (AMBA)/Argentina. Instrumentos: Escala de Disfrute en la Actividad (EDA), Escala de Realización Personal (ESAR) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Análisis de datos: Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), se estudió la fiabilidad de los factores, se realizaron pruebas t y ANOVAs para las diferencias entre grupos, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal simple. Resultados: El AFE arrojó dos factores que explican el 66.6% de la varianza. El disfrute puede conocerse a través de dos subescalas: afecto positivo e involucramiento. Las actividades que más disfrutan son las físico-deportivas, artísticas y sociales. Los varones presentan más involucramiento que las mujeres y los estudiantes secundarios presentan más involucramiento que los/as jóvenes de nivel universitario. El disfrute predice el sentido de realización personal. Estudios futuros permitirán conocer la capacidad del disfrute para predecir parámetros de salud y bienestar en población joven.
This work examines athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions and observed behavior in training and matches of the motivational climate created by the coach over the course of a season and whether these sources of information can inform the engagement of young basketball and volleyball players. A longitudinal design and multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models were conducted. Adolescents (n = 517) of both genders (61.1% male, 38.9% female) aged between 12 and 20 years (M = 16.01; SD = 1.85) playing in the A division of the basketball (46.4%) and volleyball (53.6%) federation of Buenos Aires (Argentina) participated in the study. In addition, 48 coaches (83% male, 17% female; M age = 33.98; SD = 8.39) from these teams participated. The coaches were videotaped during the training sessions in the three waves of measurements. Observers used the Multidimensional Motivational Climate Observational System. Athletes and coaches completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, and the Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach. Athletes also completed the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire. Differences were found between perspectives and, in general, a decrease in variables characterizing empowering climates and an increase in those characterizing disempowering climates were observed over the course of the season. When all measures are considered together and the effect of time is controlled for, the assessments that predict engagement are athlete perceptions and match observations.
El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el poder predictivo del disfrute y la realización personal sobre el consumo de alcohol de jóvenes deportistas, explorando el papel de la búsqueda de sensaciones impulsiva y del género en esta relación. Método. Participantes: 362 jóvenes (15 a 29 años) deportistas de Argentina. Instrumentos: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Escala de Disfrute en el Deporte, Escala de Sentido de Realización Personal, Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol y Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones. Resultados. Los deportistas que consumen alcohol de manera infrecuente presentan mayor disfrute y realización personal comparados con quienes realizan un consumo frecuente. Entre los varones, el involucramiento, afecto positivo y realización personal predicen la frecuencia de consumo, mientras que entre las mujeres solo el involucramiento resulta predictor. Asimismo, el involucramiento predice una menor frecuencia de consumo y ausencia de consumo excesivo episódico solo en jóvenes con baja búsqueda de sensaciones. Conclusiones. Trabajar para facilitar el disfrute con el deporte podría ser una de las estrategias posibles para aumentar los efectos positivos de la práctica deportiva sobre el consumo de alcohol, aunque es necesario continuar indagando el caso de los jóvenes que presentan una alta búsqueda de sensaciones impulsiva.
Transformational coaching has been shown to increase the personal and social skills of adolescent athletes. Nevertheless, the latter’s dispositional characteristics, such us personal values, could have a moderating effect on this relationship. The main objective of this work was to examine perceptions of coaches’ transformational behaviors and the modulation of athletes’ personal values in their relationship with personal and social skills development. Adolescents (n = 309) of both genders (81.9% male) aged 13–19 years (M = 16.10; SD = 1.70) from 16 different basketball clubs participated in the study. All participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Transformational Coaching Questionnaire, the Portrait Values Questionnaire—Revised, and the Youth Experiences Survey for Sport. Results showed that, controlling for age and gender, transformational behaviors that highlight individual differences within the team, especially through fostering autonomy and creative thinking (i.e., intellectual stimulation), create contexts in which their athletes can develop personal and social skills to their fullest. However, in players with high self-transcendence and low self-enhancement, the increase in intellectual stimulation was not associated with higher personal and social skills, but social focus transformational behaviors (i.e., idealized influence and inspirational motivation) were. This study contributes to the field of positive adolescent development by showing evidence of both the individual and the social focus of transformational leadership behaviors to maximize personal and social skills, depending on which values their athletes consider important.
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la percepción de entrenadores sobre los contenidos de charlas precompetitivas y de entretiempo desde la estrategia metodológica de los métodos mixtos. Participaron 21 entrenadores de básquetbol y voleibol, en su mayoría varones (n = 20), de categorías formativas (u15, u17 y u19) de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y semiestructuradas a los entrenadores y a través de la Teoría Fundamentada, se realizó un análisis cualitativo, mediante el uso del programa Atlas.Ti 7.5. Los entrenadores destacaron cinco aspectos relevantes respecto de los contenidos durante las charlas previas y de entretiempo: aspectos estratégicos, psicológicos, comunicacionales, variables que influyen en la elección de los contenidos y contenidos específicos de entretiempos. A través del análisis de los documentos primarios, se asociaron las citas significativas a cada una de las categorías. La categoría mayormente mencionada (i.e. más fundamentada en los datos) fue “Aspectos estratégicos”, mientras que los “Aspectos psicológicos” estuvieron en segundo lugar. Se realizó un análisis de asociación para estudiar la prevalencia de las categorías emergidas del análisis en función del deporte, la rama y la categoría dirigida. Los resultados de este estudio aportan claridad respecto a cuáles son los contenidos valorados por entrenadores en estos momentos específicos de interacción y qué estrategias utilizan para comunicarlos. Tener en cuenta esta información será de capital importancia para desarrollar estrategias psicológicas significativas que potencien los recursos de los entrenadores para hacer frente a las demandas en estas situaciones específicas. The present study aims to explore the perception of coaches on the contents of pre-competition and halftime talks using a mixed-methods approach. Participants were 21 youth basketball and volleyball coaches (u15, u17 and u19), mostly males (n = 20), from Buenos Aires (Argentina). Individual and semi-structured interviews were conducted to the coaches and through Grounded Theory the information collected was subjected to a qualitative analysis with program Atlas.Ti 7.5. Coaches highlight five relevant aspects of the contents in pre-competition and halftime talks: strategic, psychological, communicational, variables that influence the choice of content and specific halftime content. Analyzing the primary documents, significant quotes were associated with each category. The most mentioned category (i.e. greater frequency in data) was ‘Strategic aspects’, while ‘Psychological aspects’ were placed secondly. An association analysis was carried out to study the prevalence of the categories emerged from the analysis based on the sport, branch, and category. The results of this study provide clarity regarding which are the most valued contents for coaches to spread in these specific moments of interaction and which strategies they use to communicate them. Taking this information into account will be crucial to develop meaningful psychological strategies that enhance coaches' resources to cope with the demands of these specific situations. O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar a percepção dos treinadores sobre o conteúdo das palestras antes da competição e no intervalo da estratégia de métodos mistos. Participaram 21 treinadores de basquete e vôlei, a maioria homens (n = 20), das categorias juvenil (u15, u17 e u19) de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas foram conduzidas aos treinadores e, por meio da Teoria Fundamentada, as informações coletadas foram submetidas a uma análise qualitativa com o programa Atlas.Ti 7.5. Os treinadores enfatizam cinco aspectos relevantes em relação ao conteúdo durante as palestras antes da competição e no intervalo: estratégicas, psicológicas, comunicacionais, variáveis que influenciam a escolha do conteúdo e o conteúdo específico no intervalo. Por meio da análise dos documentos primários, citações significativas foram associadas a cada categoria. A categoria mais mencionada (i.e. mais informada pelos dados) foi “Aspectos estratégicos”, ficando em segundo lugar os “Aspectos psicológicos”. Foi realizada uma análise de associação para estudar a prevalência das categorias emergidas da análise com base no esporte, no ramo e na categoria-alvo. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem clareza sobre quais são os conteúdos valorizados pelos treinadores nesses momentos específicos de interação e quais estratégias eles usam para comunicá-los. Levar essas informações em consideração será de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de estratégias psicológicas significativas que aprimorem os recursos dos treinadores para lidar com as demandas nessas situações específicas.
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