RESUMO Este estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as questões constantes do instrumento espanhol de Análise da Impressão e do Impacto do Prejuízo Estético, proposto por Cobo Plana (2010), para sua possível utilização no Brasil, bem como validar tal instrumento junto a cirurgiões-dentistas da área de Odontologia Legal. Os avaliadores aplicaram o método, constituído de quatro quadros, por meio de uma sequência de dez imagens que mostraram modelos sem e com lesões (cicatrizes) maquiadas, simulando danos estéticos na face. Os quatro quadros, traduzidos e adaptados culturalmente para língua portuguesa, mostraram ter potencial para oferecer maior objetividade na valoração do dano estético. PALAVRAS-CHAVE
O ensino da valoração de danos odontológicos pós-traumáticos é ministrado, em muitas situações, de forma teórica e ilustrativa com imagens projetadas, distanciando o aluno da vivência prática desse conteúdo. Por esse motivo, a simulação de lesões por meio de maquiagem pode auxiliar o ensino desse tema e também pesquisas, considerando, por exemplo, a necessidade de comparar a vítima de trauma com o seu estado anterior. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar uma experiência docente junto à graduação em Odontologia na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, evidenciando o potencial uso da simulação realística com maquiagem no ensino da valoração de danos pós-traumáticos e incitando a possível utilização em pesquisas na área de Odontologia Legal. Trata-se de uma metodologia inovadora, com perspectiva promissora no campo da Odontologia Legal.
Forensic aesthetic facial damage-AFD expert's valuation is a concerning matter in court as expressively vary in between experts. In fact, differences can be quite significant suggesting examiners age, sex and professional qualification may influence this valuation. Aiming to offer a systematic and more objective evaluation, some methods for assessing AFD had been proposed lately. Known as Aesthetic Impairment Impact Perception (AIPE), Cobo-Plana's revised methodology (2010) was idealized to minimize the examiner's subjectivity by means of answering an ordered sequence of questions related to the specific damage perception. This research aims to access AFD perception differences (simulated cases) in between Lawyers, Heath professionals (Physicians and Dental surgeons) and general professionals (laypeople) under AIPE methodology in order to allow a better comprehension of AFD when dealing with forensic expertise cases. Within Groups perceptions varied (p < 0.05) when evaluating lesions below "important" severity grade. Raters over 35 Years age scored higher AFD lesions, and rater's sex (as an independent variable) did not express any significant difference in AFD scoring. The tendency of underrating AFD lesions below very important severity grade was observed being a matter of major concern considered their prevalence and the effective consequences involved to the victim. These results recommend extra caution when performing AFD evaluation and consequently expertise reports, claiming a more judicious analysis based on consolidated standards and suggest, examiners to be more perceptive to physical damage evaluation in order to include social perceptions and reactions, mainly, victims feelings and constrains over their aesthetic loss.
Concerns associated with the assessment of aesthetic damage or injury raise critical difficulties, such as the scarcity of methodology and standardization that may result in fundamental precepts to establish impartial forms of compensation and aiming the total reparation of bodily injury. The complexity of the aesthetic damage evaluation is associated with the confluence of legal and technical perspectives and expert subjectivity while conducting examination and writing a report. Experts face additional difficulties associated with the objectivity while assessing aesthetic damage, independently on its location or expert skills, due to complex details observed in these lesions. Another situation in the clinical area, doctors (mainly plastic surgeons) and dentists could show the improvement or not, of the aesthetic condition to the patients. In health related areas, the use of information technology has contributed to increase the number of appropriate diagnoses, besides promoting quality, efficiency and satisfaction to health care providers. In order to make this assessment more objective, a technological tool was developed to aid experts in the evaluation of aesthetic damage and report elaboration. The objective was to develop computer-aided design software for aesthetic damage quantification/evaluation that is accessible via internet to be applied as a complementary report on body aesthetic damage. The software uses as a parameter the AIPE method, translated transculturally from Spanish to Portuguese and English. The present study allowed the construction of open access auxiliary software for the evaluation of corporal aesthetic damage. Its use is facilitated by intuitive and interactive filling, and the text may be customized by the user. It transforms the report into PDF and saves all evaluations already done in its own file. Information is encrypted for added security and confidentiality. The software is available on website at https://www.aestheticdamage.com.
Resumen: En este trabajo se plantea que la estructura de revisión médico forense en España constituye una importante fuente para le estudio de algunos aspectos de la realidad urbana y sus problemas. Se analiza el perfil de la agresión en una casuística de 167 historias de lesiones. Se trata de una comunicación previa de una investigación interdisciplinar más amplia, encaminada a la detección de la violencia en la ciudad de Zaragoza, sus factores, aspectos territoriales y la evolución en el tiempo.Palabras clave: Sociedad, ciudad, agresión, violencia, indicadores Abstract: In this work it is laid out the forensic medical meeting structure could be a suitable source for the study of some aspects of the urban reality and its problems. It is analyzed the profile of the agression in 167 cases of injuries. It is a a previous communication of a multiple investigation project much ampler directed to the detection of the Zaragoza's urban violence, its factors, territorial aspects and its development through the time.
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