Inventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and parasitoids began in 1978 for today's Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This complex mosaic of 120 000 ha of conserved and regenerating dry, cloud and rain forest over 0-2000 m elevation contains at least 10 000 species of non-leaf-mining caterpillars used by more than 5000 species of parasitoids. Several hundred thousand specimens of ACG-reared adult Lepidoptera and parasitoids have been intensively and extensively studied morphologically by many taxonomists, including most of the co-authors. DNA barcoding -the use of a standardized short mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify specimens and flush out undisclosed species -was added to the taxonomic identification process in 2003.

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Middle Paleolithic fossil human remains from the Sima de las Palomas in southeastern Iberia (dated to <43,000 -40,000 calendar years before present) present a suite of derived Neandertal and/or retained ancestral morphological features in the mandibular symphysis, mandibular ramus, dental occlusal morphology, and distal hand phalanx. These traits are combined with variation in the mandibular corpus, discrete dental morphology, tooth root lengths, and anterior dental size that indicate a frequency difference with earlier Iberian and more northern European Neandertals. The Palomas Neandertals therefore confirm the late presence of Neandertals associated with the Iberian persistence of the Middle Paleolithic, but suggest microevolutionary processes and/or population contact with contemporaneous modern humans to the north. dentition ͉ mandible ͉ Middle Paleolithic ͉ postcrania

Este artículo examina las principales actitudes hacia la democracia en España durante las dos últimas décadas. Se han seleccionado numerosos indicadores empíricos para diferenciar tres facetas que suelen considerarse indistintamente, y por lo tanto confundirse de forma sistemática: la legitimidad democrática, el descontento político y la desafección política. En el artículo se analiza su evolución respectiva desde la transición democrática, y se mantiene que pertenecen a dimensiones conceptuales y empíricas diferentes. Para ello se incluyen, además, los resultados de dos tipos de pruebas: un análisis factorial confirma el distinto agrupamiento de los indicadores en el nivel individual, y un análisis de cohortes identifica pautas diferenciadas de continuidad y cambio en las distintas generaciones.

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