Introducción: en las últimas décadas se ha producido un cambio sustancial en la posición de las mujeres en el mercado laboral, aunque no puede hablarse todavía de un reparto equitativo del trabajo entre hombres y mujeres. Por una parte, existen aún claros indicios de discriminación laboral de las mujeres, y por otro, la participación de los varones en el trabajo doméstico no ha crecido al ritmo al que lo ha hecho la de la mujer en el trabajo remunerado.Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las bases ideológicas en las que se sustenta esta desigualdad mediante el análisis del peso que los estereotipos de género tradicionales, y específicamente aquellos que se construyen alrededor de la maternidad, tienen en la carrera laboral de las mujeres jóvenes.Metodología: los datos proceden de un estudio cualitativo en el que se entrevistó a una muestra de jóvenes con diferentes posiciones dentro del mercado de trabajo.Resultados: en general, los discursos sobre la maternidad y la crianza se caracterizan por un marcado esencialismo biológico y psicológico que atribuye a las mujeres una mayor capacidad natural para el cuidado de los hijos.Conclusiones: los estereotipos de género que se construyen alrededor de la maternidad son uno de los principales factores ideológicos que mantienen la discriminación de las mujeres dentro del mercado laboral.
This study analyzed whether hostility towards foreigners perceived as competitors in the labor market would be related to the perception of threat (symbolic and economic) and negative intergroup emotions. 270 people between 18 and 63 years participated. In Brazil (N = 89), mostly men (59%) and average age 32.5 years; In Portugal (N = 87), mostly men (56.3%) and average age 39.9 years; in Spain (N = 94), mostly women (53.2%) and average age of 32.8 years. The results (t-test, analysis of variance and multiple regressions) indicated that in Spain negative emotions are associated with less hostility Artigo
The literature has shed light on the influence of macro-social contexts on the meanings of work and money. Bearing in mind the impact of changes in the economic cycles in the construction sector in Brazil, our aim is to compare the meanings of work and money, as understood by building construction workers in 2011 and 2015. The sample was composed of two groups, being 302 participants in 2011, and 125 in 2015. We used structured surveys specific to each issue studied, and carried out descriptive and inferential analyses. The results outline differences in the concept of work and money, providing evidence of the negative effects of the economic crisis on workers' lives. Limitations and suggestions for further research are pointed out.
Resumen la depresión es la principal causa de deterioro en el bienestar psicológico en el mundo. la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo abordar el estudio de la depresión desde una perspectiva psicosociológica, analizando el papel que desempeñan las atribuciones causales en su génesis. para ello, se propone un modelo explicativo de la depresión que tiene en cuenta el papel de factores de naturaleza social, como los acontecimientos vitales estresantes y los recursos de afrontamiento, el apoyo social, la alienación y la autoestima. los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con la hipótesis de un estilo atributivo característico, así como con el modelo atributivo de la depresión. Sin embargo, también apuntan a que el estilo atributivo no está significativamente asociado a la depresión cuando tenemos en cuenta el papel de otras variables sociales. estos resultados indican la necesidad de una perspectiva más amplia, y específicamente sociológica, en los estudios sobre la depresión. PalabRas clavealienación, atribución causal, autoestima, Bienestar psicológico, estrés social. abstRact depression is the leading cause of deterioration in psychological well-being in the world. The present research aimed at analyzing depression from a socio-psychological perspective, focusing on the role of causal attributions on the origins of depressive disorders. Therefore, a model of depression is suggested in which the role of social factors such as stressful life events and coping strategies, social support, alienation and self-esteem
The Spanish term grima refers to the aversive emotional experience typically evoked when one hears, for example, a scratch upon a chalkboard. Whereas Spanish speakers can distinguish between the concepts of grima and disgust, English and German speakers lack a specific word for this experience and typically label grima as disgust. In the present research, we tested the degree of differentiation between the two aversive experiences in Spanish speakers. Study 1 addressed whether Spanish speakers apply spontaneously the term grima rather than disgust to grima-eliciting experiences. Study 2 systematically addressed the constitutive features of both grima and disgust by mapping their internal structures. Results showed that the noise of a chulk on a blackboard and scraping fingernails on a blackboard, along with the physical manifestation of goose bumps, were the most typical features of the category. Whereas both grima and disgust were characterized as unpleasant sensations, t(193) = 1.21, ns, they differed with respect to their physiological signatures (e.g., producing shivers was characteristic of grima, as compared to disgust, t(194) = 12.02, p = .001, d = 1.72) and elicitors (e.g., a fractured bone was a characteristic elicitor of grima; t(193) = 5.78, p = .001, d = .83, whereas pederasts and pedophiles were the most characteristic elicitor of disgust, t(193) = 8.46, p = .001, d = 1.21). Thus, both grima and disgust are conceptually different experiences, whose shared features hold different degrees of typicality. The present research suggests that grima and disgust are two distinct emotion concepts.
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