Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were isolated from acerola fruits (Malpighia emarginata D.C.), by means of different solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. For the extraction, the headspace SPME method was used, identifying the VOCs by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS). The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of SPME fibers and determine the best conditions for extracting VOCs from acerola fruit. The investigated conditions were: extraction time (20, 30 and 40 min), extraction temperature (25, 45 and 65 o C) and agitation (0, 50 and 100 rpm). Of the evaluated fibers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/divinylbenzene (DVB) extracted the highest number of VOCs, most belonging to terpene, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. According to the investigated conditions, most compounds were obtained with an extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature 65 o C, and no agitation. Compounds cumene, o-xylene, thymol, m-cymene, o-cymene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, anethol, 3-buten-2-one and methyl octadecanoic ester were responsible for the volatile profile of acerola.

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ResumoDevido ao aumento do consumo de frutos exóticos mundialmente, o cultivo da pitaia tem sido favorecido. Para incrementar o potencial agronômico da cultura, são necessários conhecimentos que visem o aumento da qualidade do fruto. Dessa forma, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa estudar características físicas e físico-químicas de pitaia vermelha durante a sua maturação, visando definir o estádio ótimo de colheita do fruto. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros de qualidade: massa fresca do fruto, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, cor de casca, firmeza da polpa, teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, ratio e pH. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, representado pelos períodos de coleta (dias após a antese). Em cada período de avaliação foram coletados sete frutos, representando as repetições, sendo um fruto em cada repetição. As médias dos períodos de avaliação foram submetidas à avaliação polinomial, sendo os modelos selecionados conforme a significância do teste F e do coeficiente de determinação. O ponto ideal para a colheita de pitaia vermelha ocorre aos 41 dias após a antese. Neste estádio, os frutos apresentaram maior massa e intensidade de coloração vermelha na casca, menor firmeza da polpa, maior teor de sólidos solúveis e menor acidez. Palavras-chave: Pós-colheita, qualidade de fruto, dias após a antese, Hylocereus undatus Haw AbstractDue to the increase of exotic fruit consumption worldwide, the cultivation of dragon fruit has been favored. To increase the agronomic potential of the culture, knowledge aiming the increase of fruit quality is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical and pyhisical characteristics of dragon fruit during maturation, in order to define the best harvest point. Fresh weight, longitudinal and transverse diameter, skin color, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, ratio and flesh pH were evaluated. A completely randomized design was carried out, represented by harvest time (days after anthesis). In each evaluation time, seven fruits were harvested, representing the replications, being one fruit per parcel. The averages of each evaluation time were subjected to polynomial evaluation, being selected according to the significance of F test and the coefficient of determination. The best dragon fruit harvest time was observed 41 days after anthesis. At this stage, fruits presented higher weight and higher red skin color intensity, lower flesh firmness, higher contents of total soluble solids and lower acidity.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da época de plantio e da idade de indução floral sobre a fenologia, o período de colheita e o escalonamento da produção do abacaxizeiro 'Smooth Cayenne', no Cerrado de Mato Grosso. O experimento foi conduzido em Tangará da Serra, MT, de novembro de 2005 a setembro de 2008. Foram testadas seis épocas de plantio -janeiro, março, maio, julho, setembro, novembro -e cinco idades para indução floral -8, 10, 12, 14, 16 meses após o plantio -, além da floração natural. As variáveis analisadas foram: períodos entre indução floral e floração, floração e colheita, indução e colheita, e plantio e colheita; massas da coroa e do fruto com coroa; e comprimento da folha D. Não houve interação entre as épocas de plantio e de indução floral. A indução floral realizada nos meses de maio e julho, período de baixa temperatura e precipitação, alongou o ciclo da planta e diminuiu a massa dos frutos e o comprimento da folha D. A indução realizada em setembro e novembro determinou a colheita em épocas favoráveis de comercialização, independentemente do mês de plantio, sem interferência na massa dos frutos.Termos para indexação: Ananas comosus var. comosus, épocas de plantio, indução floral, soma térmica. Phenology and production scheduling of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple in Mato Grosso's CerradoAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of planting dates and of floral induction age on phenology, harvest period, and production scheduling of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple, in the Cerrado of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at Tangará do Serra, MT, from november 2005 to september 2008. Six planting dates -January, March, May, July, September, November -, and five ages of floral induction -8, 10, 12, 14, 16 months after planting -, in addition to natural flowering, were tested. The analyzed variables were: periods from floral induction to flowering, flowering to harvest, induction to harvest, and from planting to harvest; mass of fruit with crown and crown mass; and D leaf length. There was no interaction between planting dates and floral induction periods. Floral induction held in May and July, period with low temperatures and precipitation, promoted the elongation of plant cycle and lowered fruit mass and D leaf length. The induction held in September and November led to the harvest in seasons with favorable prices, regardless of the planting month, with no interference in fruit mass.Index terms: Ananas comosus var. comosus, planting seasons, floral induction, thermal sum. IntroduçãoUma das principais limitações da cultura do abacaxizeiro (Ananas comosus var. comosus) é a colheita concentrada em determinados períodos do ano, quando a elevada oferta do produto provoca queda nos preços. Morgado et al. (2004) relatam que os preços médios, recebidos pelos produtores de abacaxi, sofrem queda acentuada nos meses de novembro e dezembro. Uma alternativa seria deslocar a produção para épocas de preços mais elevados por meio do manejo de época d...

-Cerrado is the largest biome in the state of Minas Gerais-Brazil, represented by a biodiversity of fruit species, especially cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica). Cagaita fruits are considered an important option for fruit growing, because they are source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties and mineral content that can contribute with beneficial health effects. In this study, phenolic compounds were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and the mineral content of ripe and unripe cagaita fruits was evaluated. Regarding minerals, ripe and unripe fruits stand out due to their high potassium content. Unripe fruits are rich in boron while ripe fruits are source of this mineral. ripe and unripe cagaita fruits have the following phenolic compounds: gallic, caffeic, vanillic, p-coumaric, siringeic, ferulic and salicylic acids, epicatechin, quercetin and rutin, the highest contents of these compounds are caffeic, p-coumaric, siringeic and ferrulic, epicatechin and rutin identified in unripe fruits, while ripe fruits have high contents of gallic, vanillic and quercetin acids. Thus, cagaita fruits have great potential for food, therapeutic and medicinal applications bringing health benefits. Index terms: Cerrado fruits, Myrtaceae, HPLC-Uv. MINERAIS E COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS DE MATURAÇÃO DE FRUTOS DE CAGAITEIRA (Eugenia dysenterica)RESUMO -O Cerrado é o maior bioma no Estado de Minas Gerais-Brasil, representado uma biodiversidade de espécies frutíferas, destacando a cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica). Frutos de cagaiteira são considerados uma opção importante para fruticultura, por apresentarem fonte de compostos fenólicos com propriedades antioxidantes e teores de minerais que podem contribuir com efeitos benéficos à saúde. Neste estudo, caracterizaram-se os compostos fenólicos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e avaliaram-se os teores de minerais presentes em frutos de cagaiteira em estádio de maturação maduros e verdes. Em relação aos minerais, frutos maduros e verdes destacam-se por serem ricos em potássio. Os frutos verdes são ricos em boro, enquanto os frutos maduros são fonte desse mineral. Nos frutos de cagaiteira maduros e verdes, foram identificados os compostos fenólicos: os ácidos gálico, cafeico, vanílico, p-cumárico, siríngico, ferúlico e salicílico, epicatequina, quercetina e rutina, sendo os maiores teores dos compostos os ácidos cafeico, p-cumárico, siríngico e ferúlico, epicatequina e rutina identificados nos frutos verdes, enquanto para frutos maduros o destaque foi para os ácidos gálico, vanílico esalicílico e quercetina. Assim, frutos de cagaita podem apresentar grande potencial para aplicações alimentares, terapêuticas e medicinais, trazendo benefícios à saúde. Termos de indexação:Frutos do cerrado, Myrtaceae, CLAE-Uv.

RESUMO -Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a dissimilaridade genética de acessos de manga 'Ubá' na região leste de Minas Gerais, por meio da caracterização biométrica e físico-química dos frutos, visando a identificar materiais de interesse industrial para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento. Frutos de 67 acessos de mangueira Ubá provenientes do leste de Minas Gerais foram caracterizados, avaliando-se: massa da fruta, massa do endocarpo, relação polpa/endocarpo, diâmetro longitudinal, diâmetro transversal, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, relação sólidos solúveis total/acidez total titulável e pH. Os resultados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva, utilizando-se de medida de tendência central (média) BIOMETRICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUITS OF MANGO 'UBÁ' ACCESSIONSABSTRACT -This study had as the main objective the evaluation of the genetic dissimilarity in mango 'Ubá' accessions in the eastern region of Minas Gerais by means of biometrical and physical-chemical characterization of the fruit in order to identify materials which have industrial interest for breeding studies. Fruits of 67 accessions were characterized by evaluation of fruit mass, endocarp mass, pulp/endocarp ratio, longitudinal diameter, transversal diameter, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable total acidity (TTA), TTS/TTA ratio and pH. The results were evaluated by descriptive statistics using central trend (average) and variability of data (standard deviation). Statistical analyses were performed using the clustering techniques and dissimilarity measures. The fruits which have showed the best characteristics for the processing were the hits from the 10, 22, 23, 24, 35, 38, 40, 42, 52, 55 and 63. Cluster analysis demonstrated the formation of two groups of accesses in reference with the biometrical and the physical-chemical characterization of the fruit, which shows the genetic variability the eastern Minas Gerais' mango.

In foods, the flavor and aroma are very important attributes, thus the main objective of this study was to identify the volatile compounds (VC) of the "BRS-366 Jaburú" acerola variety, for which we used the solid phase microextraction method (SPE). The separation and identification of volatile compounds was made using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three fibers were evaluated, Polydimethylsiloxane / Divinylbenzene (PDMS / DVB), 65 micrometres Divinylbenzene / Carboxen / Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB / CAR / PDMS) 50/30 m and polyacrylate (PA) 85 uM to compare the extraction of its components. Thirty-three volatile compounds were identified and classified into eight chemical classes: carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids. The peak areas of each of the extracted compounds were expressed as percentages to indicate the relative concentration of each, of which ethyl acetate is distinguished by being responsible for the fruity aroma notes. Thus, the fiber PDMS / DVB was the best as it enabled to extract a greater amount of volatile compounds

Fruit quality of jabuticaba progenies cultivated in a tropical climate of altitude. Abstract-Introduction. The jabuticaba tree (Myrciaria jabuticaba) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and produces a small fruit, native to central, southern and southeastern Brazil. Materials and methods. Fruits of 25 progenies of the jabuticaba tree, grown in a tropical highland climate, were evaluated as to physical, physicochemical and chemical characteristics: weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters, pulp and peel yields, seed mass, number of seeds per fruit, pulp and peel moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, [soluble solids/titratable acidity] ratio, pH, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. The experimental design was completely randomized, the treatments being the 25 jabuticaba tree progenies. Results. A significant effect among progenies was observed for all characteristics evaluated. The chemical composition showed that the jabuticaba peel has a high phenolic compound content, and considerable flavonoid content. These results indicate that there is variability for the characteristics analyzed, enabling the economic exploitation of jabuticaba tree fruits for in natura consumption and processing. Conclusions. The physical and chemical characteristics combined can be proposed as excellent tools to select superior progenies. The fruits of five progenies showed desirable characteristics for the in natura market, while fruits of five other progenies hold high concentrations of natural antioxidants and may be listed as excellent options for the food industry. Brazil / Myrciaria jabuticaba / fruits / physicochemical properties / flavonoids / phenolic content / processing Qualité du fruit de descendances de jabuticabas cultivés dans un climat tropical d'altitude. Résumé-Introduction. Le jabuticaba (Myrciaria jabuticaba) appartient à la famille des myrtacées ; il produit de petits fruits et est indigène aux régions centre, sud et sud-est du Brésil. Matériel et méthodes. Des fruits de 25 descendances de jabuticaba, développées en climat tropical montagneux, ont été évalués quant à leurs caractéristiques physiques, physicochimiques et chimiques : poids, diamètres longitudinal et transversal du fruit, rendements en peau et pulpe, masse de graines, nombre de graines par fruit, taux d'humidité de la pulpe et de la peau, teneurs en solides solubles, acidité titrable, taux [solides solubles/acidité titrable], pH, teneurs en flavonoïdes et composés phénoliques. Le dispositif expérimental a été complètement randomisé, les traitements étant constitués par les 25 descendances de jabuticaba étudiées. Résultats. Un effet significatif de toutes les caractéristiques évaluées a été observé parmi les descendances. La composition chimique a révélé que la peau du fruit de jabuticaba a une teneur élevée en composés phénoliques, et un taux en flavonoïdes considérable. Nos résultats indiquent qu'il existe une variabilité parmi les caractéristiques analysées, justifiant une exploitation économique des fruits du jabuticaba pour sa consommation e...