Sensorial attributes such as color, texture, acidity and nutritional composition are essential quality components for blackberry (Rubus spp.). The mineral content and quality of fruits of different blackberry cultivars produced in Lavras, Southern Minas Gerais, in a tropical climate at an elevation (Cwb, according to Köppen) were analyzed. The analyzed minerals were phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Additionally, chemical characteristics, the total acidity (citric acid), pH, soluble solids (°Brix) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) level, and sensory characteristics, color (L*a*b) and firmness (N) were also evaluated. According to the results, the Choctaw and Xavante blackberry cultivars demonstrated the highest mineral contents, the Caingangue cultivar showed the highest soluble solid content, and the Ebano cultivar exhibited the highest vitamin C concentration and firmer fruits. The chemical variables in the fruits of the different blackberry cultivars presented little significant correlation with the contents of macrominerals present, whereas the opposite was obtained for the micronutrients. However, the chemical characteristics combined with the nutritional characteristics can be proposed as an excellent tool for the selection of cultivars of superior quality and high nutritional value.Caracterização química e teores de minerais em frutos de cultivares de amoreira-preta cultivadas em clima tropical de altitude RESUMO. Os atributos sensoriais como cor, textura, acidez e a composição nutricional são componentes essenciais na qualidade da amora-preta (Rubus spp.). Qualidade e teores de minerais foram analisados em frutos de diferentes cultivares de amoreira-preta produzidas em Lavras, sul de Minas Gerais, clima tropical de altitude (Cwb, segundo Köppen). Os minerais analisados foram: fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn), cobre (Cu) e ferro (Fe), bem como as seguintes características químicas: acidez total (ácido cítrico), pH, sólidos solúveis (Brix) e vitamina C (ácido ascórbico) e características sensoriais: cor (L*a*b*) e firmeza (N). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as cultivares de amoreira-preta Choctaw e Xavante se destacaram com os maiores teores de minerais, a cultivar Caingangue maior teor de sólidos solúveis e a cultivar Ébano com maior concentração de vitamina C e frutos mais firmes. Verificou-se também que as variáveis químicas em frutos das diferentes cultivares de amoreira-preta apresentaram pouca correlação significativa com os teores de macrominerais presentes e o oposto foi obtido para os micronutrientes. Contudo, as caracteristicas químicas combinados com as características nutricionais podem ser propostos como excelentes ferramentas para seleção de cultivares de qualidade superior e elevado valor nutricional.Palavras-chave: Rubus spp., micronutrientes, macronutrientes, vitamina C. 192Guedes et al.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were isolated from acerola fruits (Malpighia emarginata D.C.), by means of different solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. For the extraction, the headspace SPME method was used, identifying the VOCs by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS). The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of SPME fibers and determine the best conditions for extracting VOCs from acerola fruit. The investigated conditions were: extraction time (20, 30 and 40 min), extraction temperature (25, 45 and 65 o C) and agitation (0, 50 and 100 rpm). Of the evaluated fibers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/divinylbenzene (DVB) extracted the highest number of VOCs, most belonging to terpene, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. According to the investigated conditions, most compounds were obtained with an extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature 65 o C, and no agitation. Compounds cumene, o-xylene, thymol, m-cymene, o-cymene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, anethol, 3-buten-2-one and methyl octadecanoic ester were responsible for the volatile profile of acerola.
ABSTRACT. Raspberry is an economically important berry crop that contains numerous phenolic compounds with potential health benefits. It is known that the chemistry content is affected by processing factors, but limited information is available on the influence of cultural factors or genotype. To clarify this issue, this work aimed to characterize the following raspberry cultivars Polana, Autumn Bliss, Heritage, Batum, Golden Bliss, hybrid Boysenberry and black raspberry from Mantiqueira Mountains (Campos do Jordão city, São Paulo State, Cwa climate, mesothermal with dry winter, commonly named tropical de altitude, according to Köppen classification) and Alto do Rio Grande (Lavras city, Minas Gerais State, Cwb climate, with dry winter and summer temperate), two areas subtropical in Brazil, and quality attributes. The fruits were used for the following analysis: mass, size, number of drupelets, color, total acidity, soluble solids, total soluble solids / titratable acidity (TSS / TA), moisture and ash. The results revealed strong influence of growing site on fruit quality as well as the existence of variation among cultivars. Fruits produced in Mantiqueira Mountains had larger and higher TSS / TA. On the other hand, the growing raspberries in Alto do Rio Grande provided greater color tone, increased acidity, and low ratio of total soluble solids and total acidity.
Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and mineral composition of fruits of raspberry cultivars grown in subtropical areas in Brazil.Abstract -Introduction. Raspberry is an economically important berry crop; its fruit contains numerous phenolic compounds with potential health benefits. It is known that the chemical content of the fruit is affected by processing factors, but limited information is available on the influence of production factors or impact of genotypes. Materials and methods. The raspberry cultivars tested in our study were Autumn Bliss, Batum, Heritage, Polana (red fruits) and Golden Bliss (yellow fruits); a hybrid boysenberry and a black raspberry (black fruits). The plants were grown in two subtropical areas in Brazil. Harvested fruits were used to determine the contents of bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, lycopene and total phenols), antioxidant activity and mineral composition (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, manganese, zinc and iron). Results. Our results revealed a strong influence of the site on the parameters evaluated and indicated the existence of variation among the cultivars. In general, colored raspberries are a rich source of nutrients, especially nitrogen, potassium, iron and manganese, and contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds. Brazil / Rubus idaeus / Rubus niveus / raspberries / antioxidants / proximate compositionComposés bioactifs, activité antioxydante et composition minérale des fruits de divers cultivars de framboisier cultivés dans les zones subtropicales du Brésil.Résumé -Introduction. La culture du framboisier est économiquement importante; son fruit contient de nombreux composés phénoliques présentant divers avantages potentiellement bénéfiques pour la santé. Il est connu que la composition chimique du fruit est affectée par des facteurs d'industrialisation, mais peu d'informations sont disponibles sur l'influence des facteurs de production ou l'impact du génotype sur cette composition. Matériel et méthodes. Les cultivars de framboisier testés dans notre étude ont été Autumn Bliss, Batum, Heritage, Polana (framboises rouges) ; Golden Bliss (framboises jaunes), un hybride de mûrier de Boysen ; et un framboisier à fruit noir. Les plantes ont été cultivées dans deux zones subtropicales du Brésil. Les fruits récoltés ont été utilisés pour déterminer les teneurs en composés bioactifs (anthocyanines, acide ascorbique, β-carotène, lycopène, phénol total) des fruits, ainsi que leur activité antioxydante et leur composition minérale (azote, phosphore, potassium, calcium, magnésium, soufre, bore, cuivre, manganèse, de zinc et de fer). Résultats. Nos résultats ont révélé une forte influence du site sur les paramètres évalués ; ils ont mis en évidence des variations entre les cultivars. En général, les framboises colorées sont riches en nutriments, notamment en azote, potassium, fer et manganèse ; elles contiennent des quantités significatives de composés bioactifs.Brésil / Rubus idaeus / Rubus ...
Blackberries are an important option for the diversification of fruit crops. However, there is currently no literature regarding plant cultivation in high-altitude tropical climates. Knowledge of the phenolic composition of blackberries is essential because variations in the levels of these components may exist between cultivars and may depend on environmental conditions. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the total phenol content of different blackberry cultivars (Arapaho, Brazos, Cainguangue, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Ébano, Guarani, Tupy and Xavante). Free radical scavenging activity in these cultivars was assayed using a DPPH test. The HPLC-UV chromatogram of blackberry fruit extracts at 280 nm revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. The results showed significant differences in the levels of phenolic compounds in the blackberry cultivars tested. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS free radical and ranged from 2.7 ± 0.1 to 19 ± 2 μmole of Trolox equivalents per gram of sample (b.u.). These results are in good correlation with the phenolic contents of the blackberries tested. The Xavante blackberry cultivar had the highest levels of polyphenols that could be individually identified. Catechin polyphenols were found to be the main component in the blackberry varieties tested.
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