RESUMO -Parâmetros genéticos foram estimados para peso na entrada da monta (PEM), considerado como indicativo do peso adulto de vacas Nelore. O arquivo de dados continha 7.902 registros de 1.556 vacas pertencentes a um experimento de seleção conduzido na Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho, SP, Brasil. O PEM foi analisado como o último peso disponível para cada vaca no arquivo (PEM_U) ou como registros repetidos, incluindo todos os pesos (PEM_R). As análises foram feitas também em dois outros arquivos excluindo os registros das vacas descartadas antes de chegar aos 4 anos de idade, para o último peso registrado (PEM_U2) e para os registros repetidos (PEM_R2). Os componentes de variância foram estimados por máxima verossimilhança restrita, ajustando modelo animal uni e multivariado. O modelo multivariado incluiu pesos à seleção ajustados para 378 (somente machos) e 550 (somente fêmeas) dias de idade. As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas nas análises univariadas foram 0,30±0,05; 0,37±0,06; 0,35±0,04; e 0,42±0,05, para PEM_U, PEM_U2, PEM_R e PEM_R2, respectivamente. Os valores correspondentes para as análises multivariadas foram 0,34; 0,42; 0,56; e 0,57. As estimativas de repetibilidade de PEM_R e PEM_R2 foram 0,58±0,01 e 0,69±0,01 nas análises univariadas e 0,61 e 0,72 nas análises multivariadas. As estimativas da mudança genética em PEM foram positivas e significativas, iguais a 0,40±0,08 e 0,35±0,07 por cento da média ao ano, para os dois rebanhos selecionados do experimento. Há evidências de que o emprego de modelos multivariados incluindo registros repetidos e os pesos à seleção de machos e fêmeas seja mais apropriado que a utilização de apenas o último PEM como indicativo do peso adulto. O PEM poderia ser incluído em um programa de seleção visando mudanças (aumento ou diminuição) ou monitoração, para manter o peso adulto desejável.
Brazil in view of its erect growth habit, earliness, good lodging resistance and resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and to bean common mosaic virus.
-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the pasture (Urochloa brizantha) component age on soil biological properties, in a crop-livestock integrated system. The experiment was carried out in a Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) area with 92 ha, divided into six pens of approximately 15 ha. Each pen represented a different stage of the pasture component: formation, P0; one year, P1; two years, P2; three years, P3; and final with 3.5 years, Pf. Samples were taken in the 0-10 cm soil depth. The soil biological parameters -microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass respiration (C-CO 2 ), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), microbial quotient (q mic ), and total organic carbon (TOC) -were evaluated and compared among different stages of the pasture, and between an adjacent area under native Cerrado and another area under degraded pasture (PCD). The MBC, q mic and TOC increased and qCO 2 reduced under the different pasture stages. Compared to PCD, the pasture stages had higher MBC, q mic and TOC, and lower qCO 2 . The crop-livestock integrated system improved soil microbiological parameters and immobilized carbon in the soil in comparison to the degraded pasture.Index terms: metabolic quotient, microbial biomass carbon, microbial quotient, soil respiration. Atributos biológicos do solo em pastagens de diferentes idades no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuáriaResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da idade do componente pastagem (Urochloa brizantha) sobre as propriedades biológicas do solo, em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O experimento foi realizado numa área de Cerrado, com 92 ha, dividida em seis piquetes de aproximadamente 15 ha. Cada piquete representou um estágio diferente do componente pastagem: em formação, P0; de um ano, P1; dois anos, P2; três anos, P3; e final de 3,5 anos, Pf. As amostras foram coletadas à profundidade de 0-10 cm. As propriedades biológicas do solo -carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração da biomassa mircobiana (C-CO 2 ), quociente metabólico (qCO 2 ); quociente microbiano (q mic ); e o carbono orgânico total (COT) -foram avaliadas e comparadas entre as pastagens de diferentes idades, e entre uma área adjacente sob vegetação nativa de Cerrado e uma pastagem degradada (PCD). O CBM, o q mic e o COT aumentaram gradativamente, e o qCO 2 diminuiu, nas pastagens de diferentes idades. Em comparação à PCD, o CBM, o q mic e o COT foram maiores, e o qCO 2 menor, nas pastagens. O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária melhorou os parâmetros biológicos e imobilizou carbono no solo, em comparação à pastagem degradada.Termos para indexação: quociente metabólico, carbono da biomassa microbiana, quociente microbiano, respiração do solo.
To evaluate feed efficiency using residual feed intake (RFI), it is necessary to measure and record daily feed intake for each animal. This can be accomplished by housing them in individual pens or by using sophisticated electronic feeders in group pens. All the available options are very expensive and very laborious; therefore, several researchers have developed methods to predict individual DMI of cattle fed in group pens. Three intake models were tested with a data set of 60 Angus × Hereford steers fed a corn-based finishing diet in both group and individual pens. After the first 60 d (period 1) of the study, animals were switched from group to individual pens, and then vice versa for another 60 d (period 2); thus, the entire feeding trial was 120 d long. No difference was observed in DMI between periods for steers fed individually (period 1 = 10.9 kg/d and period 2 = 11.2 kg/d, P = 0.44), but a difference was observed in group pens (period 1 = 12.7 kg/d and period 2 = 10.9 kg/d, P < 0.01). In addition, no difference (P ≥ 0.15) was observed in carcass characteristics, such as HCW, dressing percentage, quality grade, LM area, KPH percentage, yield grade, or backfat between RFI groups (low, medium, and high). Average daily gain and G:F were not different between RFI groups within each period (P ≥ 0.06), but there were period differences (P < 0.001). Models 1 and 2 were based on growth, carcass composition, and nutrient requirements, whereas model 3 was based on the heterogeneity of pen intakes when cattle were rotated through the pens on a daily basis. Models 1 and 2 were forced through the mean observed DMI, so the mean bias was zero, but they were not precise, with a slope bias greater than 50%. Model 3 showed low accuracy (mean bias = 20%), but it was precise, with a slope bias of 21%. Because RFI is the error of the DMI equation, any inaccuracy when estimating intake will lead to a bias in the prediction of RFI. In conclusion, these models could be used to predict mean DMI, but they were not adequate for estimating RFI.
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