-(Reproductive biology of sympatric species of Malpighiaceae in the coastal dunes of Bahia, Brazil). The reproductive biology of five sympatric species of Malpighiaceae was studied in the coastal dunes of the Abaeté Environmental Protection area, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (12º56' S and 38º20' W) from Jul./2000 to Jan./2002, and from Jan. to Mar./2003. Flowering phenology, morphology and floral biology were studied and floral visitors were observed. The breeding system was verified through experimental pollinations in the field. The Malpighiaceae are hermaphrodite, have diurnal anthesis and high pollen viability. The flowering presented a continuous pattern in the community. The controlled hand pollinations showed that Heteropterys alternifolia and Byrsonima spp. are self-incompatible, while Stigmaphyllon paralias is self-compatible. The main pollinators observed were bees of the tribe Centridini and the main resource collected was oil. Bees using jaws to hold themselves to the guide petal were rarely observed during oil collecting. Palavras-chave -Centridini, dunas costeiras, Malpighiaceae, óleo floral, sistema reprodutivo

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

A floristic survey of the genus Heteropterys from Bahia state, Brazil, is presented. A total of 43 species of Heteropterys were recognized, among which H. cochleosperma, H. macradena, H. syringifolia and H. trigoniifolia represents new records for the state. Eleven species are considered endemics to this state and six are listed in the Red Book of Flora of Brazil. The treatment includes an identification key, descriptions and comments on all taxa, as well as illustrations and distribution maps of species in Bahia.

The mating system of seven sympatric taxa of Chamaecrista occurring in the Chapada Diamantina Mountains, northeastern Brazil, was studied to determine the occurrence of self-incompatibility and interspecific genetic isolation mechanisms within the group. Self-and cross-pollination experiments and inter-taxon bidirectional crosses were performed. All of the populations were selfcompatible and showed high percentages of spontaneous seed abortion on both self-and cross-pollinated fruits. The inter-incompatibility among the taxa of Chamaecrista is directed by different mechanisms depending on their degrees of phylogenetic proximity. In the crosses between closely related taxa (same clade), seed inviability was observed in the crossing pairs C. desvauxii var. graminea 9 C. desvauxii var. latistipula, and C. chapadae 9 C. glaucofilix. Inter-compatibility between species of the same clade occurred in C. blanchetii and C. confertiformis, with the formation of viable seeds. Pre-zygotic gametophytic reproductive isolation was observed among taxa of different clades, without penetration of the pollen tube into the ovule, or post-zygotic isolation through embryo or endosperm inviability, with abortion of the seeds. Interincompatibility represents an important factor in reproductive isolation and thus in the maintenance of the genetic identity of sympatric taxa that flower in synchrony and share pollinators.

O Jardim Botânico FLORAS (JBFLORAS) foi instalado no campus Sosígenes Costa (CSC) da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia e possui um remanescente de Mata Atlântica. Objetivou-se caracterizar tal remanescente de vegetação a partir da sua flora e fisionomia. As plantas foram coletadas em estágio fértil, durante o período de 2015 a 2018. Foram registradas 193 espécies, distribuídas em 142 gêneros e 53 famílias de angiospermas, sendo Leguminosae (34 spp.), Asteraceae (11 spp.), Malvaceae (10 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (9 spp.), Poaceae e Rubiaceae (8 spp. cada) as mais diversas. Quatro espécies estão ameaçadas de extinção e 15 espécies são endêmicas da Mata Atlântica, com Cranocarpus mezii Taub. (Leguminosae) restrita ao sul da Bahia e norte do Espírito Santo. O remanescente do CSC-JBFLORAS é uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas ou Floresta dos Tabuleiros e possui flora característica. É recomendada a conservação do remanescente devido à sua peculiaridade florística.

The taxonomic treatment of Begoniaceae for the state of Bahia, Brazil, led to the recognition of three new species of Begonia with narrow distributions, which are described and illustrated here: Begonia delicata Gregório & J.A.S. Costa, sp. nov. is a herb restricted to the region of the Recôncavo; Begonia elianeae Gregório & J.A.S. Costa, sp. nov. is a shrub endemic to the Atlantic forest of the southern part of the state; and Begonia paganuccii Gregório & J.A.S. Costa, sp. nov. is a subshrub known only from the type material, collected in the Piedmont of Paraguaçu. Notes on morphology, comparisons with morphologically similar species, etymology, geographic distribution, habitat and phenological data for each species are also presented. Furthermore, keys are provided as an aid to separating the new species from congeneric species that occur in their surroundings. Due to the sparse knowledge of the new species, there is as yet insufficient data to accurately assess their conservation status.

RESUMO Uma nova espécie de Copaifera (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Tribo Detarieae) é proposta. Essa nova espécie é conhecida apenas do Brasil, ocorrendo no cerrado do centro-oeste da Bahia e extremo norte de Minas Gerais, e apresenta maior afinidade com Copaifera rondonii F.C. Hoehne. Copaifera sabulicola é descrita, ilustrada e suas afinidades taxonômicas são discutidas.

Begonia obdeltata, a new species of Begoniaceae from northeast Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is similar to B. grisea and B. petasitifolia, with which it is compared. Diagnostic characters, geographic distribution and conservation status of the new species are presented.