Objective: To measure the transcript levels of Aurora kinases and compare them to their immunoreactivity patterns in prostate tumors. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 cases of prostate cancer (PCa) and 38 cases of benign nodular hyperplasia (BPH) were sampled from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Tissue sections were lysed, total RNA extracted and cDNA made by random hexamer priming while slide sections were immunostained for the kinases. Normalized relative quantitation was performed for all the kinases using real-time PCR on TaqMan chemistry. Results: The immunoreactivity profile showed 15.4, 53.8 and 30.7% positivity for Aurora kinases A, B and C in PCa cases, respectively, while the positivity was 76.3, 73.7 and 84.2% for the same kinases in BPH cases. The immunoreactivity was preponderant on epithelial tissue compared to stromal component. Conclusion: Aurora kinases were significantly overexpressed in BPH cases compared to PCa cases. At the transcript level, there was no significant differential expression in the kinases between PCa and BPH cases.

Aim: The study was carried out to determine the Immunohistochemical Correlation between the Expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Triple Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) tissues Materials and Method: Twenty two (22) cases of archived female breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma tissue blocks that are Negative to ER, PR, and HER-2 (Triple Negative) were used. The tissue blocks were sectioned at not more than 2µm each. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method and immunohistochemical staining technique using VDR antibodies were done and the results were correlated. Result and Discussion: The results show that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) found comparing the immunohistochemical expression of VDR with Triple Negative IDC tissues but strong positivity is shown in VDR positive IDC tissues. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant difference found in the expression of VDR with Triple negative IDC tissues; therefore VDR cannot be use as substitute in cases of triple negative IDC tissues but can be an additional antibody and of therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Quantitative measurement of circulating immune complexes in cancer patients is a widely accepted measure linking immune complexes as useful for treatment monitoring. However, the components of these immune complexes are generally understudied. By the analysis of immune complexes, this work elicited some microbial agents that could be associated with breast tumours. Total of 99 female subjects were randomly recruited for this study, of which 24 had benign tumour, 25 had malignant tumour and 50 were tumour free controls subjects. The mean age of the female subjects with benign breast tumour was 37.9±10.1 years; malignant 49.6±10.8 and control subjects 35.9±9.0, and they were confirmed free from chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases and HIV infection. Immune complexes were precipitated and dissociated. Characterization of the antigens/antibodies was done using Enzyme linked immunoassay technique. Microbial antigenic components were detected in 21 benign tumour subjects, 20 malignant tumour subjects and 11 control subjects. Homogeneity and heterogeneity patterns of microbial antigenic distribution were seen in different groups. Heterogeneity pattern was prevalent in subjects with tumours. Detection of HCV was significantly high in subjects with benign and malignant tumours, while presence of Plasmodium falciparum, Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella typhi was also 2 Michael Chukwudi Ezeani et al.: Analysis of Circulating Immune Complexes and Detection of MicrobialAntigenic Components in Breast Tumours in Anambra State Nigeria prominent. HBV and treponema pallidum were implicated. Heterogeneity pattern was prevalent in late stages of breast cancer while Plasmodium falciparum, HCV and Salmonella typhi were most prominent. The burden of microbial infection is prevalent in breast tumour subjects. Presence of the microbial antigens would represent the burden of the microbial infection in tumour development and the consequences of the persistent circulation of these microbial proteins were discussed.

BackgroundHPV- related carcinoma with adenoid cystic like features of the sinonasal tract is a newly describe entity with histological and immunophenotypic features of surface derived and salivary gland carcinoma. It affects females more than males with age range of 40–70 years and is linked to high risk HPV infection. Most cases present with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. They consist of basaoid cells growing in various sizes separated by fibrocollagenous stroma.1 It is believed to have a good prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are activated macrophages associated with tumor progression in various cancers. TAMs can polarize M1 or M2 type. M1 has a pro-inflammatory function and kills pathogens. Conversely, M2 shows immunosuppressive action and promotes tumor growth. CD68 is known as a pan-macrophage marker.2 We evaluate the CD68 expression in three cases of HPV- related carcinoma with adenoid cystic like features of the sinonasal tract.MethodsThree cases of HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic like features were retrieved from our archives and stained with p16 and CD68 antibodies. Data was analyzed using spss version 21.ResultsPatient ages were 46, 48 and 56 years old respectively, with a female to male ratio of 2:1. Histology showed epithelial surface dysplasia overlying basaloid cell growing in tubular and crbriform patterns. All were strongly positive for p16 stains (figure 1). CD 68 showed intratumoral and peritumoral expression in two cases while, one case showed only peritumoral expression. Infiltration of tumour associated macrophages (M2) CD68 cell in this study is associated with increase recurrence of HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract (figure 2).Abstract 1 Figure 1p16 staining in HPV- related adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tractAbstract 2 Figure 2CD 68 staining of the stroma in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of sinonasal tractConclusionsThe targeting of TAMs in HPV-related adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract and other cancers should be explored in the future using macrophage targeted approach.Ethics ApprovalHealth research ethics committee ABUTH/HREC/Y/2017ReferencesBurugu S, Asleh-Aburaya K, Nielsen TO. Immune infiltrates in the breast cancer microenvironment: detection, characterization and clinical implication. Breast Cancer 2017; 24:3–15.Fan QM, Jing YY, Yu GF, Kou XR, Ye F, Gao L, Li R, Zhao QD, Yang Y, Lu ZH, Wei LX. Tumor-associated macrophages promote cancer stem cell-like properties via transforming growth factor-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017;352:160–168.