Gene Expression of Aurora Kinases in Prostate Cancer and Nodular Hyperplasia Tissues

Abstract

Objective: To measure the transcript levels of Aurora kinases and compare them to their immunoreactivity patterns in prostate tumors. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 cases of prostate cancer (PCa) and 38 cases of benign nodular hyperplasia (BPH) were sampled from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Tissue sections were lysed, total RNA extracted and cDNA made by random hexamer priming while slide sections were immunostained for the kinases. Normalized relative quantitation was performed for all the kinases using real-time PCR on TaqMan chemistry. Results: The immunoreactivity profile showed 15.4, 53.8 and 30.7% positivity for Aurora kinases A, B and C in PCa cases, respectively, while the positivity was 76.3, 73.7 and 84.2% for the same kinases in BPH cases. The immunoreactivity was preponderant on epithelial tissue compared to stromal component. Conclusion: Aurora kinases were significantly overexpressed in BPH cases compared to PCa cases. At the transcript level, there was no significant differential expression in the kinases between PCa and BPH cases.

Curcumin-Gene Expression Response in Hormone Dependent and Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells

“…Wang and Zang provide the genetic evidence supporting the role of ATF3 as a tumor suppressor in a subset of prostate cancers with PTEN dysfunction [30]. Aurora kinases, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer patients [31], was found to be down-regulated by curcumin treatment in both androgen-dependent and independent stages. AURKB , in combination with EGFR knockdown, have shown enhanced therapeutic effect by inhibiting PC3 cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in vitro, whereas androgen-dependent cancer cells, LNCaP, remain unaffected by the endogenous expression levels [32].…”

“…Of note, the TGF-β signaling pathway was inhibited by curcumin treatment in androgen-dependent and independent manners. It has been reported that curcumin inhibits TGF-β signaling in non-prostate solid tumors, including cancer of cervical, breast, and pancreas, by perturbing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways as well as subsequent tumor growth and migration [30,31,39]. Curcumin was also shown to induce PPAR-γ gene expression and inhibit hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation by interrupting TGF-β signaling in vitro [40].…”

Toward Regulatory Effects of Curcumin on Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Across Different Diseases: A Review

“…It is worth mentioning that curcumin affects TGF-β signaling pathway in cancer therapy via different pathways. In order to suppress invasion and proliferation of cervical, breast and pancreatic cancer cells, curcumin suppresses TGF-β signaling pathway through interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ( Nna et al, 2013 ; Thacker and Karunagaran, 2015 ; Wang and Yan, 2016 ). However, there are controversial data showing that curcumin may stimulate TGF-β signaling pathway in inhibition of colon cancer progression ( Ramamoorthi and Sivalingam, 2014 ).…”

Dual-Inhibitors of N-Myc and AURKA as Potential Therapy for Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer

“…In PCa, AURKA is highly expressed and further increased in CRPC, suggesting a critical role of AURKA in inducing therapy-resistance and disease progression [16,18]. Increased expression of AURKA has also been reported in precursors of most PCa [19]. These early findings support the therapeutic targeting of AURKA as a feasible approach in advanced CRPC and NEPC.…”