Immunohistochemical Correlation between the Expression of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Triple Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Tissues

Abstract

Aim: The study was carried out to determine the Immunohistochemical Correlation between the Expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Triple Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) tissues Materials and Method: Twenty two (22) cases of archived female breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma tissue blocks that are Negative to ER, PR, and HER-2 (Triple Negative) were used. The tissue blocks were sectioned at not more than 2µm each. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method and immunohistochemical staining technique using VDR antibodies were done and the results were correlated. Result and Discussion: The results show that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) found comparing the immunohistochemical expression of VDR with Triple Negative IDC tissues but strong positivity is shown in VDR positive IDC tissues. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant difference found in the expression of VDR with Triple negative IDC tissues; therefore VDR cannot be use as substitute in cases of triple negative IDC tissues but can be an additional antibody and of therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Antimicrobial Activities of Chrysophyllum Albidum Leaves, Fruits and Seeds

“…A research reported that water and methanolic extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum leaves used against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella species suggested that water and methanolic extracts from the leaves may contain active agent(s), which make them susceptible to the tested organisms [20] . Another study reported also that ethanolic extract of Chrysophyllum albidum leaves and stem used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella species, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans were susceptible to plant ethanolic extract [21] [7] .…”

“…The leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum was shown to reveal the presence of Alkaloids, Cardiac glycoside, Anthraquinones, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, and Steriods, which are useful substances that have medicinal and physiological activities. Vitamin D which is also believe it contain have also been linked with breast cancer [7][8] .…”