andcabbage succumbed to a dose of 0.4 gm. of the salt per kilo when given by subcutaneous injection. Suppression of urine was usually observed on the first day and death occurred in six to seven days. In starvation, slightly smaller doses were fatal to some rabbits. The resistance was increased considerably when the diet was changed to carrots. Such animals stood 1.0 gm. per kilo by subcutaneous injection, while 1.2-1.5 gm. per kilo were toxic. A moderate degree of tolerance for tartrates was induced in animals which were fed oats and cabbage. By gradually increasing the dose, a large proportion (6 out of 9) of rabbits survived 0.8 gm. per kilo which is twice the fatal dose. Rabbits which were receiving carrots did not acquire tolerance for tartrates. Sodium tartrate was much less toxic when given by mouth. 5 gm. per kilo was found to be the minimum fatal dose.
EXPERIMENTS ON CATS.Amounts which have been found to be fatal for rabbits did not produce any symptoms in cats, Subcutaneous injection of one gm. per kilo produced a slight diarrhea in some individuals, and had no effect whatever in others. 13 gm. per kilo proved fatal to one cat but was without action in another. Out of four cats which received 2 gm. per kilo three died, one survived. When sodium tartrate was given by mouth vomiting frequently occurred.In one case, however, when ten gm. per kilo were fed diarrhea was the only effect observed.
(804)The influence of pancreatic and duodenal extracts on the glycosuria and the respiratory metabolism of depancreatized dogs.Several dogs completely depancreatized by Hedon's method and eliminating glucose and nitrogen in Minkowski's ratio were treated by intravenous injection of pancreatic extract prepared by Knowlton and Starling's method.' The urines collected in twenty-four hour periods exhibited an increase in the D: N ratio
The possible conversion of fat to carbohydrate in the mammalian body has been one of the most hotly contested problems in physiology.Nobody has yet brought forward evidence so convincing that his opponents on the other side of the argument have been compelled to yield ground. Very much of the so called evidence is worthless. It was with this conviction that the present writer persuaded certain of his pupils to take up the question and attempt to produce evidence which would be completely convincing, one way or the other. Three papers (1-3) already published have, it is believed, produced good evidence supporting the viewpoint of the late Professor Lusk, namely, that this conversion in the mammalian organism is at least extremely difficult and, under the conditions studied, not demonstrable.From a careful reading of the literature on the germination of the fatty seeds, it appeared that in this instance the evidence, so far as it has been developed, favors the conception that fat is converted to carbohydrate (sugar) for the obvious purpose of increased diffusibility. At all events, this has been the interpretation of botanical physiologists. Since two lines of proof for conversion in the organs of the dog (and cat) had failed so signally under critical examination (2, 3) the writer wondered whether the evidence for the fatty seeds could really be so convincing as it seemed. It was with this attitude of skepticism that the present study was undertaken.The problem has been approached from three directions: (1) the significance of the respiratory quotient during normal germination;
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