Recent studies in the oncology literature have shown that spirituality, defined as the combination of existential and religious well-being (RWB), is related to both emotional well-being and quality of life. Indeed, spirituality may be particularly important in coping with the potential life threat of the disease. Based on Frankl's (1963) existential theory, in this study, we examined whether the relations between spirituality and emotional well-being are moderated by degree of perceived life threat (PLT). In addition, in this study, we examined the relative importance of religious versus existential well-being in relation to psychological adjustment. Patients diagnosed with various types of cancer (N = 95) completed questionnaires assessing spirituality, PLT, quality of life, and distress. Contrary to theoretical predictions, spirituality was associated with less distress and better quality of life regardless of PLT. Interestingly, existential but not RWB accounted for a major portion of the variance in these outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that spirituality, particularly the existential component, may be associated with reduced symptoms of distress in cancer patients regardless of life threat.

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This study examined the relationship of alcoholics' self-report of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms (retrospectively and currently) to objective measures of attentional ability, and to alcohol-related characteristics. Forty-six male alcoholics presenting for substance abuse treatment were administered the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), a current self-report attentional symptom questionnaire, objective attentional measures, the Shipley Institute of Living Scale, a drug use history questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Twenty-eight percent of the sample scored above established cutoffs for both the retrospective and current symptom questionnaires.However, the self-report and objective measures of attention were not significantly correlated. Only 9% of the sample showed both high rates of self-report endorsement of attentional difficulties and objective attentional impairment. As predicted, depressive symptoms (high BDI scores) were associated with increased self-report of attentional problems. Presence of a DSM Axis I or Axis II diagnosis was also associated with increased retrospective self-report of ADHD symptoms. These findings have important implications for the assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD in alcoholic populations. ntil recently, it was widely believed that children t outgrew the major symptoms of attention-deficit

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