No abstract

No abstract

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and, where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.

Measurements of rates of growth and senescence of leaf lamina per tiller and of changes in tiller population densities were made in three experiments designed to investigate the influence of sward state on leaf turnover and net production under continuous stocking.In each experiment initially uniform swards were fenced to provide four plots on which animal numbers were adjusted twice weekly to give a series of swards maintained as nearly as possible in a steady state with respect to sward surface height (range I1-6-4 cm) and herbage mass (range 440-2690 kg

Classifications of perinatal deaths have been undertaken for surveillance of causes of death, but also for auditing individual deaths to identify suboptimal care at any level, so that preventive strategies may be implemented. This paper describes the history and development of the paired obstetric and neonatal Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand (PSANZ) classifications in the context of other classifications. The PSANZ Perinatal Death Classification is based on obstetric antecedent factors that initiated the sequence of events leading to the death, and was developed largely from the Aberdeen and Whitfield classifications. The PSANZ Neonatal Death Classification is based on fetal and neonatal factors associated with the death. The classifications, accessible on the PSANZ website (http://www.psanz.org), have definitions and guidelines for use, a high level of agreement between classifiers, and are now being used in nearly all Australian states and New Zealand.

Antiplatelet agents, in this review largely low-dose aspirin, have small-moderate benefits when used for prevention of pre-eclampsia. Further information is required to assess which women are most likely to benefit, when treatment is best started, and at what dose.

production, as demonstrated with mixtures of spring and winter cereals (Baron et al., 1992; Jedel and Salmon, Intercropping berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) with 1995). silage cereals may increase forage yield and quality. Berseem clover was intercropped with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa The addition of Persian clover (Trifolium resupina-L.), or triticale (ϫTriticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) at 30, 60, 90, 120, tum L.) to barley-ryegrass mixtures in British Columbia and 240 cereal plants m Ϫ2 at Edmonton, Alberta, from 1998 to 2001. reduced fertilizer needs, improved midseason forage Cereals dominated Cut 1 (silage-stage) yield, and berseem clover yield, and improved forage nutritive value (Thompson dominated regrowth yield. As cereal density decreased from 240 to and Stout, 1997). The addition of pulse crops to cereals 60 plants m Ϫ2 , Cut 1 yield decreased from 10.5 to 9.3 Mg ha Ϫ1 dry has increased DM yields (Izaurralde et al., 1993), inmatter (DM), berseem clover percentage of Cut 1 increased from 5 creased protein production (Walton, 1975; Berkenkamp to 14%, and berseem clover regrowth yield (Cut 2) increased from and Meeres, 1987), or improved forage quality (Carr et 1.8 to 3.0 Mg ha Ϫ1 DM. Total season intercrop yields with barley or al., 1998). Increasing the use of annual legumes in cereal oat at 60 plants m Ϫ2 were Նyields with 240 plants m Ϫ2 . Total season cropping systems can improve sustainability through intercrop DM yields did not differ among the three cereal species in 3 of 4 yr. Triticale intercrops had advantages of greater Cut 1 yield biological N fixation, reduction of weed competition, and greater berseem clover percentage in Cut 1. Barley intercrops and increased soil organic matter (Izaurralde et al., 1993). had advantages of greater Cut 2 yield and greater total season protein Berseem clover has demonstrated intercropping poyield. Greater Cut 2 yield with barley intercrops was related to earlier tential in other environments, but its intercrop potential silage-stage (Cut 1) harvest date. Intercropping berseem clover with in the Parkland region of western Canada is unknown. reduced seeding rates of cereals improved Cut 1 forage quality. WhenBerseem clover is a high-yielding, nutritious, cool-seaberseem clover was 20% of Cut 1 yield, neutral detergent fiber was son forage crop thought to have originated in the Middle 25 to 45 g kg Ϫ1 less than with cereals alone. The crude protein of

Annual cool‐season grain legumes grown in mixtures with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), may offer advantages over barley sole crops for forage production. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of intercropping ‘Snowbird’ tannin‐free faba bean (Vicia faba L.), ‘Arabella’ narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and ‘Cutlass’ field pea (Pisum sativum L.), along with legume planting densities (LPD) on forage yields, nutritive value, and economic returns. Field studies were conducted at three sites in the Parkland region of Alberta, Canada, in 2004 and 2005. Each legume was planted at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0× their recommended sole crop planting density with ‘Niobe’ barley at 0.25× the recommended sole crop planting density. A barley sole crop was also included for comparison. Increasing the LPD from 0.5 to 2.0× did not effect forage dry matter (DM) but it increased the proportion of legume in the forage DM from 39 to 63%, protein concentration from 119 to 132 g kg−1, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) from 36 to 42 g kg−1 while it decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 465 to 422 g kg−1. Faba bean–barley, lupin–barley, and pea–barley intercrops had 64, 27, and 55% higher protein yields, respectively, compared to sole crop barley. Faba bean–barley and lupin–barley had similar forage DM yields which were 1.5 Mg ha−1 and 1.3 Mg ha−1 less than pea–barley and sole barley crops, respectively. Intercrops of Cutlass pea and Niobe barley offered the most favorable combination of forage DM yields, nutritive value, and economic returns.