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L-Arginine (Arg) is a versatile amino acid that plays crucial roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In this study, to investigate the alteration induced by Arg supplementation in proteome scale, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomic approach was employed to comparatively characterize the differentially expressed proteins between Arg deprivation (Ctrl) and Arg supplementation (+Arg) treated human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. A total of 21 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins and these 21 proteins were all up-regulated by Arg supplementation. Six amino acid metabolism-related proteins, mostly metabolic enzymes, showed differential expressions. Intriguingly, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) based pathway analysis suggested that the three ethanol degradation pathways were significantly altered between Ctrl and +Arg. Western blotting and enzymatic activity assays validated that the key enzymes ADH1C, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2, which are mainly involved in ethanol degradation pathways, were highly differentially expressed, and activated between Ctrl and +Arg in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, 10 mM Arg significantly attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by 100 mM ethanol treatment (P < 0.0001). This study is the first time to reveal that Arg activates ethanol degradation pathways in HepG2 cells.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tepung bonggol pisang sebagai pengganti molases terhadap fermentabilitas pakan komplit berbasis jerami padi amoniasi secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan Uji T (T-Test) Independent Sample pada taraf signifikasi 5% dengan 2 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu (T1: pakan komplit 98% + molases 2%) dan (T2: pakan komplit 97,37% + tepung bonggol pisang 2,65%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggantian molases dengan bonggol pisang pada pakan komplit berbasis jerami padi amoniasi secara in vitro tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda (p>0,05) terhadap rerata produksi NH 3 T1 (2,39 mM) dan T2 (2,31 mM), konsentrasi VFA total T1 (58,33 mM) dan T2 (63,33 mM), asam asetat T1 (71,80%) dan T2 (72,22%), asam propionat T1 (20,67%) dan T2 (21,84%), asam butirat T1 (7,26%) dan T2 (6,27%), rasio C 2 /C 3 pada T1 (3,45) dan T2 (3,32), kecernaan bahan kering T1 (73,34%) dan T2 (72,51%) dan kecernaan bahan organik T1 (80,80%) T2 dan (77,74%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bonggol pisang dapat menggantikan molases sebagai sumber RAC pada pakan komplit berbasis jerami padi amoniasi.

Glutamine, a multifunctional amino acid, functions in nutrient metabolism, energy balance, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Lipid is an important nutrient and controls a broad range of physiological processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that glutamine can affect lipolysis and lipogenesis, but the effect of glutamine on the detailed lipid metabolism remains incompletely understood. Here, we applied the quantitative proteomics approach to estimate the relative abundance of proteins in HepG2 cells treated by glutamine deprivation. The results showed that there were 212 differentially abundant proteins in response to glutamine deprivation, including 150 significantly increased proteins and 62 significantly decreased proteins. Interestingly, functional classification showed that 43 differentially abundant proteins were related to lipid metabolism. Further bioinformatics analysis and western blotting validation revealed that lipid accumulation may be affected by β-oxidation of fatty acid induced by glutamine deprivation in HepG2 cells. Together, our results may provide the potential for regulating lipid metabolism by glutamine in animal production and human nutrition. The MS data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifier PXD003387.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate water spinach as forage substitution on in vitro gas production, digestibility and kinetics fermentation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The Treatments were: T1 = control of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott grass + 0% of water spinach, T2 = + 20% of water spinach, T3: 40% of water spinach and T4: 60% of water spinach. Results showed that substitution of 20% Water Spinach as forage increased gas production after 48 h of incubation. There is no difference in the potential fraction degraded by the addition of a water spinach at the level of 20% compared to the control, although there is a decrease in the addition of 40 and 60% of the water spinach. Substitution of water spinach was not significant on kinetics fermentation of readily soluble fraction (a) and rate constant per hour of gas production (c). The substitution of 20% water spinach increased dry matter digestibility reaching 10% compared to control. The water spinach substitution increased organic matter digestibility (P<0.05). It is concluded that 20% of water spinach had the highest gas production and nutrient digestibility and thus, it can be used as forage alternative for ruminant.

:The research was aimed to examine nutritive potency of Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala leaves according to ruminal organic matter degradability and total volatille fatty acids production in vitro. The ruminal degradability of organic matter was determined after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 of single batch culture incubation. The data weretested using T test. The result showed that degradable and potential degradable fractions of M. oleifera leaf organic matter werehigher (p <0.05) than that of L. Leucocephala leaf organic matter Production of rumen total VFA from M. Oleifera leaf higher (P<0.05) than from L. leucocephala leaf. The nutritive potency of M. oleifera leaf was better than L. Leucocephala.Keyword : Moringa leaves; leucaena leaf; VFA; in vitro. PENDAHULUANKeberhasilan dalam usaha ternak kambing salah satunya harus dapat memenuhi ketersediaan pakan yang berkualitas, kuantintas dan memiliki harga yang murah. Hijauan pakan akan melimpah pada waktu musim penghujan namun pada musim kemarau sulit didapatkan, maka perlunya budidaya tanaman yang tahan terhadap musim salah satu diantaranya yaitu daun kelor. Kelor pertama kali tumbuh di negara India dan banyak juga dijumpai di Indonesia. Kelor dengan nama latin Moringa oleifera merupakan salah satu bahan pakan potensial bagi ruminansia karena memiliki sumber karbohidrat dan protein yang cukup tinggi yaitu kandungan BETN sebesar 32,83% serta PK 26,43 %. Aminah et al. (2015) menyatakan bahwa daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) mengandung nutrien yang tinggi yaitu protein, karbohidrat, abu, lemak dan serat masing-masing sebesar 28,44 ; 57,01 ; 7,95 ; 2,74 ; dan 12,63%. Daun kelor merupakan salah satu pakan potensial bagi ruminansia yang memiliki sumber protein yang tinggi sebesar 27% sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas ternak (Jayanegara et al. 2010). Usman (2013) menyatakan bahwa ternak memerlukan pakan yang mengandung nutrient seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin, dan mineral untuk tubuhnya.Karbohidrat diperlukan oleh tubuh ternak sebagai sumber energi dan sumber karbon untuk pembentukan protein mikroba. Produk akhir dari fermentasi karbohidrat dalam retikolorumen yaitu asam lemak mudah terbang atau yang biasa disebut volatile fatty acids (VFA). Amri dan Yurleni (2014) menyatakan bahwa VFA merupakan hasil fermentasi dari

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