RESUMOExtratos aquosos da parte aérea de mucuna-preta (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy), mucuna rajada (Stilozobium sp.), Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, guandu e guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L.) Druce) foram preparados com o objetivo de se determinar a potencialidade alelopática dessas espécies, largamente utilizadas como plantas de cobertura, sobre sementes de alface (planta-teste) e aquênios de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.). Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laborató-rio de Análise de Sementes da Universidade Federal de Lavras, durante o mês de abril de 2003. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e a germinação final. No experimento com alface, houve redução significativa da germinação apenas para o extrato aquoso de crotalária juncea. Para as outras espécies, houve uma tendência de redução na germinação, porém, não diferindo da testemunha com água destilada. O IVG apresentou redução significativa nos tratamentos com extratos aquosos de crotalária juncea, guandu comum, mucuna-rajada e mucuna-preta. As outras espécies tiveram uma tendência em reduzir o IVG, porém, não diferindo da testemunha. No experimento com picão-preto, a germinação apresentou comportamento semelhante ao experimento com alface, com redução significativa apenas para o tratamento com crotalária juncea, porém, para o IVG, houve redução significativa apenas para a mucuna-preta, com uma tendência de redução para os tratamentos com as outras espécies, mas não diferindo da testemunha.Termos para indexação: Plantas de cobertura, adubação verde, alelopatia, picão-preto. ABSTRACTAqueous extracts from aerial part of black mucuna (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy), striped mucuna (Stilozobium sp), Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth., guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Druce) and dwarf guandu (Cajanus cajan) were prepared with the objective of studying the allelopathic potential of these species, broadly used as cover plants, on lettuce seeds (test plant) and aquenes of Bidens pilosa L.. The experiments were carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Lavras Federal University in April, 2003. The germination speed index (GSI) and the final germination percentage were evaluated. There was significant reduction for the lettuce s final germination only for the aqueous extract of Crotalaria juncea. For the other species there was germination reduction trend, however there was not any estatistical difference for the treatment with distilled water. The lettuce s GSI was significantly reduced for the treatments with aqueous extracts of Crotalaria juncea, guandu, striped mucuna and black mucuna. Althoug the other species had a trend in reducing GSI, there was not statistical difference compared to the check. In the experiment with Bidens pilosa the final germination was similar to the experiment with lettuce, with significant reduction only for the treatment with Crotalaria juncea, however for GSI there was only significant reduction for the black mucuna, with reduction trend for the treatments wit...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the cultivation effects of organic conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with tree and fruit species on soil physico-hydraulic properties. Conilon coffee managements in the organic system were: T1, full-sun monoculture; T2, T3, T4, and T5, intercropping with peach palm (Bactris gasipae), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), banana (Musa sp.), and inga (Inga edulis), respectively; and T6, an area of secondary native forest used as a control. The evaluated soil physico-hydraulic properties were: bulk density, porosity, plant-available water capacity, soil-penetration resistance, soil-water content, soil temperature, and least limiting water range. Conilon coffee intercropped with peach palm and gliricidia resulted in lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, and in higher total porosity, microporosity, and soil-water content. Organic coffee shaded with peach palm and gliricidia improve the soil physico-hydraulic quality, in comparison with the soil under monoculture in full sun and with the soil of secondary native forest.

The natural wood resistance of sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) was evaluated under field conditions for use in organic agriculture. A total of 97 one-meter length logs with bark and diameter classes (5.0-7.9 and 8.0-11 cm) were fixed (0.4 m) in the soil at a distance of 0.5 m from the edges of a forest fragment in Viana, Espírito Santo, Brazil and evaluated after 5 years and 5 months for their resistance to breaking through the application of manual force. The presence of xylophagous termites and fungi was verified. The percentages of unbroken pieces of wood were 81.82% and 79.24% respectively for the larger and smaller diameter classes. For the smaller diameter class, 52.83% showed moderate to superficial attacks, and the largest diameter class had 61.36%. In this case, 41% of the pieces presented superficial attacks (by termites and fungi) or were not attacked, confirming good performance of the tested wood.

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RESUMOObjetivou-se, na presente pesquisa, avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de alho, gengibre, orégano, cravo, canela e tomilho sobre a inibição e o desenvolvimento de Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium roqueforti, Rhizopus stolonifer, desenvolvidos em pães artesanais. Para cada planta foram preparados extratos alcólicos (EA10%, EA20% e EA25%), extrato aquoso (EAQ10%), extrator alcoólico puro (EAP) e testemunha sem extrato e álcool. Para alho, gengibre, orégano incluiu-se o extrato alcoólico da planta fresca (EAF 10% Termos para indexação: Pão, extrato alcoólico, fungos, ervas aromáticas, condimentos. ABSTRACTThis research was carried out to evaluate the in vitro anti-fungus activity of alcoholic extracts of garlic, ginger, oregano, clove, cinnamon, and thyme on the inhibition and development of Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium roqueforti, and Rhizopus stolonifer, which develop in homemade breads. For each commercial seasoning, alcoholic extracts (AE) were prepared (AE10%, AE20% and AE25%) as well as aqueous extract (AQE) at 10%, pure alcoholic extract (PAE), and control without extract and alcohol. For garlic, ginger and oregano, a fresh plant alcoholic extract (FAE10%) was included. The experiments were installed at Plant Pathology Laboratories, EcoCentro/EPAMIG, MG and at Incaper/CRDS-CS in Domingos Martins, ES. The treatments were applied to the fungi inoculated on Petri dishes, on BDA medium. Mycelial Index Growth Speed (MIGS) and sporulation were calculated. All of the AE from dehydrated plants (10%, 20%, and 25%) showed significant inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and fungus sporulation, and an unstable performance was observed when the AE seasoning concentration was 0%. The control presented higher MIGS and sporulation. Garlic AE25% on Penicillium roqueforti and ginger AE25% on Aspergillus ochraceus did not differ from the control. Garlic AE did not present an inhibitory effect on P. roqueforti. The AE, FAE and PAE presented lower sporulation in relation to the control, exception made to ginger and clove on the sporulation of R. stolonifer, and the AQE showed an effect similar to the control.

RESUMO Adubação nitrogenada de cafeeiros com composto e crotaláriaA resposta do cafeeiro aos adubos orgânicos é pouco estudada e, por isso, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de composto e de Crotalaria juncea L. sobre o crescimento, a produção e a nutrição nitrogenada dos cafeeiros. Os tratamentos foram: composto orgânico, nas doses de 25, 50, 75 e 100% da adubação recomendada, com ou sem a parte aérea de C. juncea. A C. juncea foi cultivada com N-NH 4 (2% de 15 N) e aplicada nos cafeeiros. A crotalária promoveu maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro de copa do cafeeiro. No 1º ano, o percentual de N derivado da crotalária atingiu 8,5% aos sete meses e 4,1%, aos quinze meses após a adubação. No 2º ano, foram atingidos 17,9% de N derivado da crotalária no início da colheita, cinco meses após a adubação. O aumento das doses de composto promove a elevação do pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Soma de bases, CTCefetiva, saturação de bases e matéria orgânica, e redução da acidez potencial. O uso do isótopo 15 N permite a identificação da contribuição do N derivado da crotalária para o cafeeiro, com percentuais foliares de N derivado de Crotalaria juncea de 9,2 a 17,9%. Information concerning the response of coffee to organic fertilizers is scarce. This study evaluates the effect of different doses of compost and Crotalaria juncea L. on growth, production and nitrogen nutrition of coffee trees. The treatments consisted of compost at rates of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended fertilization, with or without the aerial part of C. juncea. C. juncea was grown with NH 4 -N (2% 15 N) and applied to coffee. The use of C. juncea increased growth in height and diameter of the coffee canopy. In the first year, the percentage of N derived from C. juncea reached 8.5% at seven months and 4.1% at fifteen months after fertilization. In the second year, the percentage of N derived from C. juncea reached 17.9% N at the early harvest, five months after fertilization. Increased rates of compost increased pH , P , K , Ca , Mg , sum of bases , effective CEC, base saturation and organic matter and reduced potential acidity. Palavras 15N allowed the identification of the N contribution from C. juncea with percentage of leaf N derived from Crotalaria juncea from 9.2 to 17.9%.

The control of spontaneous plants is one of the biggest challenges faced by organic no-tillage system (NTS). Thus, the use of cultural practices that help on it becomes relevant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the population density, the level of infestation and fresh and dry weight of spontaneous plants community of the green corn cultivated in organic NTS. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design, with six replications and five treatments, consisting of three soil coverings in the organic NTS and organic and conventional systems using intensive soil tillage without covering. For soil covered treatments was used millet as grass specie and sunn hemp as leguminous specie as well as the intercropping between both species. The green corn (AG 1051 hybrid) was sowed at 1.0 m. between rows and 0.20 m. between plants. Infestation, density and fresh weight and dry weight evaluations of spontaneous plants were performed on the V5 (five developed leaves) stage of corn. The use of single millet straw and intercropped straw provided a reduction of the infestation percentage and absolute spontaneous plants density. Both organic and conventional intensive soil tillage systems without covering showed higher relative density for the specie Galinsoga quadriradiata. The highest relative densities in organic NTS were attributed to Amaranthus spp., C. rotundus and Oxalis spp.. The percentage of infestation by spontaneous plants did not reach the level of economic damage in any of the treatments studied since the average productivity of ears without straw had been within the Brazilian average (9,000 to 15,000 Kg ha -1 ).

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