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Fresh market tomato is an important and valuable crop in Florida, accounting for 630 million dollars farm-gate value, which was 45% of the total value of the U.S. crop in 2010. In order to maintain or increase its productivity, labeled herbicide alternatives to methyl bromide are important to limiting seed production of weeds emerging between the raised plasticulture beds. A study was conducted inside a greenhouse where carfentrazone was applied as a drench at 0.03125×, 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× and as a subsurface irrigation at 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, and 16× rates. The 1× rate equaled the maximum labeled rate of carfentrazone (35.1 g ai ha−1) that would be applied to an area of 0.360 m2. Both the drench and subsurface trials showed an increase in plant injury and reduced growth as the rate of carfentrazone increased. The drench trial, however, was observed to have higher visible injury and greater growth reduction (based on plant measurement) than the subsurface trial, when comparing similar rates. For the 1× rate of carfentrazone in the drench trial vs. the subsurface trial, injury was 66 and 24.5%, respectively. For the 1× rate the tomato plants had estimated growth, based on the curves fit for the data, of 4.8% vs. 39.9% for the drench and subsurface trials, respectively. The subsurface trial better represents what happens in the field when carfentrazone root uptake injury is observed since it is normally observed to be around 10% or less. This still leaves a level of concern; once a 10% injury level in the subsurface trial was estimated to have reduced tomato growth, fruit weight, and total shoot dry weight by 33, 15, and 9.5%, respectively.

The control of spontaneous plants is one of the biggest challenges faced by organic no-tillage system (NTS). Thus, the use of cultural practices that help on it becomes relevant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the population density, the level of infestation and fresh and dry weight of spontaneous plants community of the green corn cultivated in organic NTS. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design, with six replications and five treatments, consisting of three soil coverings in the organic NTS and organic and conventional systems using intensive soil tillage without covering. For soil covered treatments was used millet as grass specie and sunn hemp as leguminous specie as well as the intercropping between both species. The green corn (AG 1051 hybrid) was sowed at 1.0 m. between rows and 0.20 m. between plants. Infestation, density and fresh weight and dry weight evaluations of spontaneous plants were performed on the V5 (five developed leaves) stage of corn. The use of single millet straw and intercropped straw provided a reduction of the infestation percentage and absolute spontaneous plants density. Both organic and conventional intensive soil tillage systems without covering showed higher relative density for the specie Galinsoga quadriradiata. The highest relative densities in organic NTS were attributed to Amaranthus spp., C. rotundus and Oxalis spp.. The percentage of infestation by spontaneous plants did not reach the level of economic damage in any of the treatments studied since the average productivity of ears without straw had been within the Brazilian average (9,000 to 15,000 Kg ha -1 ).

ResumoConsiderando o padrão de produção implantado e que há tempos se vem usando, depara-se com uma realidade que se mostram necessárias mudanças na forma de olhar e conduzir as lavouras, voltadas a modelos de base agroecológica. Este documento apresenta formas de interação entre plantas e animais de maneira simultânea, àqueles que buscam por uma agricultura sustentável, com acréscimo de culturas diferentes no mesmo local, contribuindo para um retorno econômico, financeiro e ambiental. Além disso, evidencia que algumas culturas de interesse econômico, como o cafeeiro, pode ser trabalhado juntamente em sistemas agroflorestais (espécies florestais, culturas agrícolas e criação de animais), proporcionando agregação de valor ao produto. Sendo a cafeicultura um cultivo de extremo interesse ao País e que apresenta um mercado crescente, verificou-se relevância de estudo nessa área, uma vez que o manejo de cultivo pode ser determinante para a qualidade da bebida do café. Como o café conilon concentra grande parte de seu campo produtivo no estado do Espírito Santo, e que estão, em sua maioria, em pequenas propriedades rurais e de base familiar, mostra-se potencial assimilação em aliar conservação e produtividade dentro de manejos que consorciem esse cafeeiro a espécies madeireiras e frutíferas. A arborização se torna interessante opção por proporcionarem um microclima local: podem minimizar efeitos oriundos de alterações climáticas, que aumentaram as temperaturas e o período de seca, com sérios prejuízos econômicos aos produtores. Em suma, destaca-se que os sistemas agroflorestais já vêm sendo implantados e bem sucedidos, como aqui se difunde e vê.Palavras-chave: Cafeicultura sustentável. Base agroecológica. Consorciação. Diversificação de produção.Tópicos em recuperação de áreas degradadas. Volume IV Maurício Novaes Souza (Org.

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