No abstract

Resumo Pouco se conhece sobre a estrutura e composição florística das florestas do noroeste fluminense, intensamente fragmentadas. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento da flora arbórea desta região respondendo as seguintes questões: Qual a composição florística dos fragmentos e que espécies os caracterizam? A comunidade arbórea dos fragmentos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Domingos (BHRSD) possui elevada riqueza e diversidade florística? Em que estádio sucessional se encontram os fragmentos florestais da BHRSD? Foram selecionados quatro fragmentos florestais. Em cada um dos fragmentos foram instaladas cinco parcelas de 20 m × 20 m. Todos os indivíduos vivos e mortos com DAP ≥ 5 cm foram amostrados. Um total de 198 táxons pertencentes a 52 famílias botânicas foi amostrado. As espécies mais abundantes foram Apulei a leiocarp a, Gallesi a integrifoli a, Dalbergi a nigra e Guarea guidonia. Os valores de riqueza e de diversidade (H’) de espécies nas cinco diferentes áreas amostrais (0,2 ha) variaram de 33 a 89 e 2,81 a 3,87. Os fragmentos, apesar de secundários e em estádio intermediário de sucessão, apresentaram elevada diversidade, riqueza e uma composição peculiar de espécies arbóreas, que parece receber influências florísticas de formações florestais ombrófilas e semidecíduas do sudeste brasileiro. Sugere-se que estas referidas características estejam relacionadas à posição geográfica da região.

Supplying food to growing human populations without depleting natural resources is a challenge for modern human societies. Considering this, the present study has addressed the use of native arboreal species as sources of food for rural populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The aim was to reveal species composition of edible plants, as well as to evaluate the practices used to manage and conserve them. Ethnobotanical indices show the importance of many native trees as local sources of fruits while highlighting the preponderance of the Myrtaceae family. Conservation analysis allowed to identify Campomanesia hirsuta Gardner and Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral as being of high Biological Value and Conservation Priority. In spite of that, the local management practices of native fruits appear to be sustainable and contribute to the maintenance and dissemination of valuable species. These results suggest a number of recommended future conservation actions and show the potential of Myrtaceae species for future agronomical development in Neotropical regions.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the cultivation effects of organic conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with tree and fruit species on soil physico-hydraulic properties. Conilon coffee managements in the organic system were: T1, full-sun monoculture; T2, T3, T4, and T5, intercropping with peach palm (Bactris gasipae), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), banana (Musa sp.), and inga (Inga edulis), respectively; and T6, an area of secondary native forest used as a control. The evaluated soil physico-hydraulic properties were: bulk density, porosity, plant-available water capacity, soil-penetration resistance, soil-water content, soil temperature, and least limiting water range. Conilon coffee intercropped with peach palm and gliricidia resulted in lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, and in higher total porosity, microporosity, and soil-water content. Organic coffee shaded with peach palm and gliricidia improve the soil physico-hydraulic quality, in comparison with the soil under monoculture in full sun and with the soil of secondary native forest.

No abstract

The inselberg vegetation, in general, occurs in patches that vary in size, shape, number of plant species and are surrounded by a bare rock. The present study evaluated the species composition, structural analysis, and species-area relationships of vegetation patches on a neotropical inselberg in Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. A total of 69 vascular plant species, from 31 families, were sampled in 84 vegetation patches varying in area from 0.02 to 500 m2, totaling 0.33 ha. Fabaceae and Cactaceae were the most representative families. Vellozia plicata and Selaginella sellowii presented the highest relative frequencies, relative dominances and importance values and were the most successful in the colonization of the studied rocky outcrop. A linear regression showed a positive correlation between patch size and species richness. Phanerophytes were the predominant life-form, with small patches being less rich in species and dominated by Selaginella mats. Our results suggest that the vegetation patches on the “Morro do Itaoca” inselberg currently represent a refuge against fire and other anthropogenic disturbances for many typical species of the surrounding matrix. In addition, the locality is home to endemic and endangered species, which reinforces its importance for conservation actions.

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This research aimed to select conilon coffee tree clones (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) for agroforestry and/or intercropping systems. The experiment was carried out at Bananal do Norte Experimental Farm (20º45' S and 41º17' W), Espírito Santo, Brazil. The clones were evaluated in an agroforestry system with “urograndis” hybrid eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill × E. urophylla S.T.Blake) plus prata-type banana herbs (Musa spp.) and an intercropping with ‘Bahia’ sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). An augmented block experiment design, with two plants per plot, four controls, in six blocks in the agroforestry system and four in the intercropping, was adopted. Thirteen morphophysiological characteristics were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using the restricted maximum likelihood method and best linear unbiased prediction and the significance of genetic effects by the likelihood ratio test. To select superior clones the Mulamba-Rank index was performed. Twenty clones were selected for the agroforestry and 20 for the intercropped system. The clones 16, 17, 35, 43, 48, 61, 64, 68 and T3 were the most promising for both systems. There is genetic variability to be explored among the clones, being possible the development of varieties, in the future, for agroforestry and intercropping systems.