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Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are expected to bring considerable benefits to society, such as traffic optimization and accidents reduction. They rely heavily on advances in many Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches and techniques. However, while some researchers in this field believe AI is the core element to enhance safety, others believe AI imposes new challenges to assure the safety of these new AI-based systems and applications. In this non-convergent context, this paper presents a systematic literature review to paint a clear picture of the state of the art of the literature in AI on AV safety. Based on an initial sample of 4870 retrieved papers, 59 studies were selected as the result of the selection criteria detailed in the paper. The shortlisted studies were then mapped into six categories to answer the proposed research questions. An AV system model was proposed and applied to orient the discussions about the SLR findings. As a main result, we have reinforced our preliminary observation about the necessity of considering a serious safety agenda for the future studies on AIbased AV systems.

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The main goal of this research is to evaluate the Air Traffic Controller (ATCo) workload considering the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) integration into the National Airspace System (NAS) through fast-time simulations, and including futuristic scenarios in which the ATCo is familiar with manned and unmanned aircraft, i.e., different ATCo mindsets are considered. As these professionals play an essential role in optimizing the airspace operation, maintaining their workload at an acceptable level is essential. However, the integration of new technologies, such as UAS, may present an impact on safety levels from the workload perspective. In this context, the Technology Maturity Level (TML), which is a systematic metric/measurement system that supports assessments of the familiarity of a particular aircraft with ATCos, is proposed. The experiments showed that the integration of UAS into the NAS should be conducted gradually. INDEX TERMS Unmanned aircraft system (UAS), National Airspace System (NAS), Air Traffic Controller (ATCo), safety, workload.

In recent years there is a crescent interest for operating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in new areas beyond the current reserved airspace. Such fact has forced regulatory organisations such as the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation) to evaluate unmanned aircraft and to propose regulations for the expanded use of such aircraft. The definition of these regulations is a challenge for the ICAO and the academic community. This paper proposes guidelines seeking the integration of autonomous UAS into the Global ATM proposals from the aircraft viewpoint, the autonomous pilot and the aircraft interaction in GlobalATM. The possibility of integrating UAS into airspace depends on regulations that are yet to be defined and proper data with which to assure the flight safety standards of this new aircraft type.