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The seismological observation system in China achieved a rapid development during the Tenth FiveYear Plan period. The construction of the technical system of Data Backup Center for China Seismograph Network was one of the most important parts of China Digital Seismological Observation Network program, and was completed by the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration at the end of 2007. The data center is capable of receiving and storing near real‐time continuous waveform data from more than 1000 permanent stations, and also manipulating the data, including data quality control, data format conversion, event data extraction by user order, and data download service via internet. By now we have supplied about 70 TB waveform data to over 70 research projects in more than 10 academic institutions; especially after the Wenchuan great earthquake our prompt data service played an important supporting role for relevant researches. This paper presents the technical system construction of the Data Backup Center, prompt data service for Wenchuan earthquake studies, establishment of the near real‐time automatic event‐extraction system for large earthquakes, and data service for seismological and related researches.

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We study Wardrop equilibrium in a transportation system with profit-maximizing firms and heterogeneous commuters. Standard commuters minimize the sum of monetary costs and equilibrium travel time in their route choice, while "oblivious" commuters choose the route with minimal idle time. Three possible scenarios can arise in equilibrium: A pooling scenario where all commuters make the same transport choice; A separating scenario where different types of commuters make different transport choices; A partial pooling scenario where some standard commuters make the same transport choice as the oblivious commuters. We characterize the equilibrium existence condition, derive equilibrium flows, prices and firms' profits in each scenario, and conduct comparative analyses on parameters representing route conditions and heterogeneity of commuters, respectively. The framework nests the standard model in which all commuters are standard as a special case, and also allows for the case in which all commuters are oblivious as the other extreme. Our study shows how the presence of behavioral commuters under different route conditions affects equilibrium behavior of commuters and firms, as well a the equilibrium outcome of the transportation system.

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Sustainability of ecosystems is crucial for improving human well-being and sustainably developing human society. In recent years, global attention towards ecosystems and human well-being has been increasing. Exploring and understanding the relationship between ecosystems and human well-being, and establishing the well-being of residents while protecting the ecosystem have become urgent problems. Based on 618 valid samples collected from communities surrounding seven nature reserves in the Qinling Mountains region of China, this study analyzed the impact of ecosystem services on farmers’ well-being from the perspective of their subjective perception of ecosystem services by using multiple linear regression and seemingly unrelated regression methods. The main conclusions are as follows: supply of vegetation and clean water improves farmers’ well-being, improvement of air quality increases farmers’ life satisfaction, and the sense of belonging and tourism value brought by the ecosystem are important factors for farmers’ physical and mental pleasure and economic benefits. Therefore, the following countermeasures and suggestions are proposed: focusing on establishing the ecological well-being of farmers, improve implementation of the services and benefits provided by the ecosystem to farmers, increase publicity and education to improve the protection consciousness of farmers, and improve community participation mechanisms while mobilizing enthusiasm for protection. This article starts from the perspective of farmers’ perception, attempting to explore whether changes in ecosystem service functions will affect farmers’ well-being, so as to provide new opinions and suggestions for improving farmers’ well-being.