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The use of fast growing trees could be an alternative in trace element contaminated soils to stabilize these elements and improve soil quality. In this study we investigate the effect of Paulownia fortunei growth on trace element contaminated soils amended with two organic composts under semi-field conditions for a period of 18 months. The experiment was carried out in containers filled with tree different soils, two contaminated soils (neutral AZ and acid V) and a non contaminated soil, NC. Three treatments per soil were established: two organic amendments (alperujo compost, AC, and biosolid compost, BC) and a control without amendment addition. We study parameters related with fertility and contamination in soils and plants. Paulownia growth and amendments increased pH in acid soils whereas no effect of these factors was observed in neutral soils. The plant and the amendments also increased organic matter and consequently, soil fertility. Positive results were also found in soils that were only affected by plant growth (without amendment). A general improvement of "soil biochemical quality" was detected over time and treatments, confirming the positive effect of amendments plus paulownia. Even in contaminated soils, except for Cu and Zn, trace element concentrations in leaves were in the normal range for plants. Results of this mid-term study showed that Paulownia fortunei is a promising species for phytoremediation of trace element polluted soils.

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ABSTRACT:A survey of tenure-track and tenured librarians at ARL libraries provides data on the relationship between parenthood and professorship. Results analyze the impact of the promotion and tenure process on child-bearing and rearing decisions. Discrepancies are found based on gender, tenure status and family status.

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ： Ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ３０ ｙｅａｒｓ ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇ ｄａｔａ ｉｎ Ｌａｋｅ Ｄｏｎｇｔｉｎｇ ｆｒｏｍ １９８６ ｔｏ ２０１５，ｗｅ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇ ｐａｔｔｅｒｎ ｏｆ ｗａｔｅｒ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ｕｓｉｎｇ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｆａｃｔｏｒ ｓ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｗａｔｅｒ ｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｉｎｄｅｘ ( ＴＬＩ ) ． Ｔｈｅ ｗａｔｅｒ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ Ｌａｋｅ Ｄｏｎｇｔｉｎｇ ｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄ ａｔ Ⅳ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｌａｓｔ ｆｉｖｅ ｙｅａｒｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｓ ｏｆⅠ Ⅲ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｄ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｆｒｏｍ １９８６ ｔｏ ２００５． Ｔｏ• ｔａｌ ｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎ( ＴＮ) ａｎｄ ｔｏｔａｌ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓ( ＴＰ) ｗｅｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｍａｊｏｒ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｔｉａｌ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｗａｔｅｒ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ． Ｏｖｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｎｇ•ｔｅｒｍ ｐｒｅｒｉｏｄ， ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＴＮ， ＴＰ ａｎｄ ＴＬＩ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｆｒｏｍ １９８６ ｔｏ ２０１５．Ｉｔ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ＴＮ ａｎｄ ＴＰ ｗｅｒｅ ｍａｊｏｒ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｗｈｉｃｈ ａｆ• ｆｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｗａｔｅｒ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ＴＬＩ ｉｎ Ｌａｋｅ Ｄｏｎｇｔｉｎｇ． Ｔｈｅ ｒａｎｋｉｎｇ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｏｆ ＴＮ，ＴＰ ａｎｄ Ｃｈｌ．ａ ｉｎ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｐａｒｔ ｏｆ Ｌａｋｅ Ｄｏｎｇｔｉｎｇ ｗａｓ Ｅａｓｔ＞Ｓｏｕｔｈ＞Ｗｅｓｔ． ＴＮ ａｎｄ Ｃｈｌ．ａ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｅａｓｔ ｐａｒｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ．Ｔｈｅ ｗａｔｅｒ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｗａｓ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｆｌｏｏｄ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ １９８６ ２００２，ｗｈｉｌｅ ｉｔ ｔｅｎｄｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ２００３ ２００７，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅ ｏｆ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｗａｔｅｒ ｃａ• ｐａｃｉｔｙ ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ． Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ， ｉｔ ｔｅｎｄｅｄ ｔｏ ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ ａｇａｉｎ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ２００８ ２０１５ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｂｅ ｃａｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｌｏｃａｌ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ａｎｄ ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ， ｅｎｄｏｇｅｎｏｕｓ ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｌｅａｓｅ ａｎｄ ｗａｔｅｒ ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅ． Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｌａｓｔ ３０ ｙｅａｒｓ， ｔｈｅ ｗｈｏｌｅ ｌａｋｅ ｗａｓ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｓｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ ｌｅｖｅｌ， ｂｕｔ ｓｕｆｆｅｒｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｌｉｇｈｔ ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅａｓｔｅｒｎ ｌａｋｅ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ａｒｒｉｖｅｄ ａｔ ｌｉｇｈｔ ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａ• ｔｉｏｎ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ２００８ ２０１０ ａｎｄ ２０１５． Ｔｈｅ ａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｂｌｕｅ ａｌｇａｅ ｉｎ Ｌａｋｅ Ｄｏｎｇｔｉｎｇ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ ｉｎ ｌａｓｔ ５ ｙｅａｒｓ， ｗｈｉｌｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｐａｒｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｌａｋｅ ｈａｄ ｏｕｔｂｒｅａｋ ｂｌｕｅ ａｌｇａｅ ｂｌｏｏｍ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ： Ｌａｋｅ Ｄｏｎｇｔｉｎｇ； ｗａｔｅｒ ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎ； ａｌｇａｅ ｂｌｏｏｍ； ｔｏｔａｌ ｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎ； ｔｏｔａｌ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓ； ｗａｔｅｒ ｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｉｎｄｅｘＴｈｅ ａｎａｌｙｓｅ ｏｆ ｖａｒｉｅｔｙ ｔｒｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ ｏｆ ＴＮ，ＴＰ， ＣＯＤ Ｍｎ ，Ｃｈｌ．ａ ａｎｄ ＴＬＩ ｉｎ ｅａｃｈ ａｒｅａ ｏｆ Ｌａｋｅ Ｄｏｎｇｔｉｎｇ

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