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Large bone defects caused by fracture, tumour resection and bone infection are common, debilitating clinical conditions with a substantial clinical burden. 1,2 Annually in China, over 6 million patients experience bone defects caused by trauma or various bone diseases. 3 Autologous bone grafts, allografts and artificial bone grafts are the preferred treatments for large bone defects. 4 Autologous bone grafts are the gold standard for treating bone defects. However, the bone supply is limited, and a second surgical site is required. 5 Allografts are at risk of infection and immune rejection. 6 Limitations of artificial bone grafts include osteoconductive activity, which restricts their clinical application. 7 In general, the current treatments for large bone defects remain inadequate. 8

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Myelin is a key component of the peripheral nervous system, whose structure anomaly in the digital skin is implicated in neuropathy. Here we demonstrate an

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