Introduction: Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of the third copy of chromosome 21 (total or partial). The syndrome occurs in approximately one out of every 700 – 1000 newborns per year. Objective:To analyze postural control (PC) of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS) and to compare differences regarding age, sex, nutritional status, and physical activity (PA) levels. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample composed of 21 children and adolescents (9 girls) was categorized according to age: G1 (8 to 9 years old; n = 8), G2 (10 years old; n = 7), and G3 (11 to 12 years old; n = 6), Score-Z: eutrophic (n = 9) and overweight (n = 12), and PA level: practitioners (n = 7) and non-practitioners (n = 14). PC was assessed in the force platform (FP), in the standing position, with feet together during 30 seconds. The variables analyzed were the center of pressure area (COP) and the mean velocities of anteroposterior and mediolateral oscillation (VEL-AP and VEL-ML). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the normality of data. Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s, and Mann Whitney tests were performed to analyze associations with PC. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The median COP, VEL-AP and VEL-ML were 3.55 [2.13 – 6.82] , 2.81 [2.32 – 3.16], and 2.98 [2.42 – 3.43], respectively. There were no differences in PC regarding sex, body mass index and PA level. The adolescents in G3 presented lower values of VEL-AP (G1=2,88 [2,82 – 3,21]; G2= 2,94 [2,35 – 3,39]; G3= 2,27 [2 – 2,3]) and VEL-ML (G1= 3,22 [3,14 – 3,68]; G2= 2,91 [2,52 – 3,63]; G3= 2,34 [2,1 – 2,39]). Conclusion: Sex, nutritional status, and PA level did not affect COP area and AP-VEL and ML-VEL. However, strategies were affected by age, as observed by differences in velocity, but did not affect the COP area.
RESUMO: O atraso do desenvolvimento motor em crianças com Síndrome de Down (SD), em consequência das características e da presença dos distúrbios associados, pode levar à lentidão na aquisição ou a limitações das habilidades funcionais. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o equilíbrio e a mobilidade funcional de crianças com SD, uma vez que possibilitam a execução de atividades do cotidiano. O estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência foi realizado com crianças com SD, confirmado por cariótipo, na faixa etária entre oito e 12 anos. A avaliação do controle postural foi realizada com dois instrumentais: Escala de Equilíbrio Pediátrica (EEP) e Teste de Alcance (TA). Foram avaliados 21 participantes com SD, 12 (57%) meninos e nove (43%) meninas, mediana de idade de 10 [8-11] anos. O escore obtido na EEP foi de 53 (51-54). A distância obtida no TA foi de 19 cm (17-23,5). Os resultados mostraram que a realização de atividades funcionais foi pouco afetada, conforme a mediana do escore na EEP; no entanto, alguns participantes pontuaram entre 48 a 51. As medidas atingidas no TA implicam redução da mobilidade funcional.
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