Bladder decompensation was associated with decreased blood flow to bladder smooth muscle. Because compensated obstructed bladders with relatively normal contractile function are also hypertrophied but have normal blood flow, decreased blood flow in decompensated bladders is not simply a response to bladder hypertrophy. From this study we hypothesize that decreased blood flow to bladder smooth muscle is an etiological factor in bladder contractile dysfunction (bladder decompensation) secondary to partial outlet obstruction.

In children the outcome of stented pyeloplasty is similar to that of nonstented repair. In contrast to previous reports, using a stent for drainage should not necessitate a longer hospital stay.

Blood flow was approximately 4-fold greater in bladder mucosa than in muscle, which may relate to the significantly higher metabolic rate and lower high energy phosphate concentration of mucosa than muscle. Partial outlet obstruction resulted in a significant increase in blood flow at 1 day post-obstruction, which coincides temporally with the early cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy of obstructed rabbit bladder. This increase in blood flow may be an essential factor for the initial increase in bladder mass. By three days, the blood flow per gram of tissue returned to control levels. The mechanisms relating to the changes in blood flow induced by partial outlet obstruction are currently under investigation.

We report a case of urinary retention and urethral erosion after placement of tension-free vaginal tape. This procedure is gaining wide popularity in both Europe and the United States. Careful attention is necessary to assure tension-free placement of the sling.

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A 38-year-old woman with a duplicated right collecting system and a history of right upper-pole heminephrectomy was referred for persistent dysuria and right lower-quadrant abdominal discomfort. Imaging identified a remnant ureter and a ureterocele filled with what appeared to be a large homogenous stone. At cystoscopy, the ureterocele was incised with a holmium:YAG laser, releasing a large quantity of white milky fluid (milk of calcium). There was no evidence of any solid material. Endoscopic evaluation should be the first step in patients with stones in a ureteral stump because milk of calcium may be the etiology of what appears to be a large stone burden in an obstructed system.

Blood flow was approximately 4-fold greater in bladder mucosa than in muscle, which may relate to the significantly higher metabolic rate and lower high energy phosphate concentration of mucosa than muscle. Partial outlet obstruction resulted in a significant increase in blood flow at 1 day post-obstruction, which coincides temporally with the early cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy of obstructed rabbit bladder. This increase in blood flow may be an essential factor for the initial increase in bladder mass. By three days, the blood flow per gram of tissue returned to control levels. The mechanisms relating to the changes in blood flow induced by partial outlet obstruction are currently under investigation.