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The causal agents of mango malformation disease in Brazil are a new Fusarium lineage in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex and Fusarium sterilihyphosum; however information on the genetic and geographical diversity of these pathogens in Brazil is missing. Vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to measure the genetic diversity within these populations. Both techniques identified the same genetic groups. Six VCG and AFLP groups were identified amongst isolates of the new lineage from Brazil. FB-VCG 1/AFLP I was the most widespread group, found in seven of the 13 sites sampled. The second most frequent group was recovered from three sites. The remaining four groups were recovered from single-sites. We think that this lineage represents a genetically and geographically diverse indigenous population that reproduces clonally. In F. sterilihyphosum, group FS-VCG 1/AFLP VII was found at three sites in the southeast region of Brazil. FS-VCG 2/AFLP VIII contained isolates from South Africa but not from Brazil. Fusarium mangiferae isolates from India and South Africa formed one group, while isolates from Egypt and the USA formed a second group. F. sterilihyphosum at present is represented by a small population that might have been introduced only once into a restricted area. The clonal nature of the observed populations suggests that these fungi either occur naturally on indigenous hosts and have jumped to the introduced mango host (introduced in Brazil) or that they originated with mango and went through a severe population bottleneck when they were introduced to Brazil from India or Southeast Asia.

This paper proposes an integrated methodology for estimating aboveground forest biomass in Amazon region. It is based on remote sensing, artificial neural networks and geographical information systems technologies for achieving confident results with a lesser cost than traditional methods of forest inventory. This methodology was tested and validated in Tucurui Reservoir, Brazil.

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A atividade de forrageamento das abelhas consiste no ato de buscar e coletar os recursos florais (pólen, néctar e água) que são essenciais à sua sobrevivência. Essa atividade pode ser influenciada por fatores climáticos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi entender o comportamento forrageiro das abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera e suas relações com fatores ambientais. O estudo foi realizado na unidade didática do IFPI campus Cocal, município de Cocal-PI. As coletas foram realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2021. Foram avaliadas cinco colmeias, sendo registrado o número de abelhas que entravam carregando pólen e néctar/água em suas corbículas, de 6:00 às 17:00h. As colmeias eram observadas durante 10 minutos em cada hora, concomitante a essa avaliação foi registrado os dados climáticos por meio de um termohigrômetro. As abelhas preferiram coletar pólen no período de 6:00 às 12:00h. As atividades de forrageamento de pólen tiveram pico de coleta às 8:00h no mês de março de 2021. As abelhas coletaram néctar durante todo o dia, aumentando sua frequência entre 13:00h e 16:00h durante o período avaliado, sendo o pico de coleta de néctar às 12:00h no mês de junho de 2021.