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Netto, M. S. B., Lima, W. G., Correia, K. C., da Silva, C. F. B., Thon, M., Martins, R. B., Miller, R. N. G., Michereff, S. J., and Câmara, M. P. S. 2016. Analysis of phylogeny, distribution, and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with gummosis of Anacardium in Brazil, with a new species of Lasiodiplodia. We identified Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with gummosis on Anacardium in Brazil. Isolates were sampled and identified on the basis morphology and phylogeny, through analysis of a partial translation elongation factor 1-α sequence, ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers, and β-tubulin gene sequence. Ten taxa were identified, namely, Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, L. euphorbicola, L. gonubiensis, L. iraniensis, L. jatrophicola, L. gravistriata sp. nov., L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae, Neofusicoccum batangarum, and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum. Lasiodiplodia theobromae has been previously reported in cashew and is the most prevalent species observed. All the other species are reported here for the first time on this host. All species of Botryosphaeriaceae were pathogenic on detached green cashew shoots. Differences in aggressiveness were observed among the species, with N. batangarum, L. iraniensis, L. jatrophicola, and L. gravistriata characterized as the most aggressive species, whilst L. euphorbicola and L. pseudotheobromae were identified as the least aggressive.

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Cactus prickly pear (Nopalea cochenillifera) is native to Mexico and is widespread throughout the world. In Brazil, this plant is cultivated exclusively in the Northeast region. Although presenting extreme rusticity and adaptability to the conditions of the Northeast, cactus prickly pear suffers from the attack of pests and diseases that can significantly reduce its productive potential. The objective of this study was to conduct a molecular and morphological characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with brown spot disease of cactus prickly pear. Cladodes showing symptoms of brown spot were collected in producing areas in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco. The fungal isolates were identified molecularly using the GAPDH, TUB2 and ITS-rDNA genic regions, along with morphological characterization. Several isolates obtained from diseased tissue were identified as Colletotrichum: C. siamense, C. fructicola and C. karstii. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of C. siamense, C. fructicola and C. karstii with brown spot in cactus prickly pear worldwide.