Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is one of the major fungal diseases that affect Capsicum spp. and leads to severe crop losses. The aim of this study was to identify species within Colletotrichum that cause anthracnose in bell and hot pepper using phylogenetic and morphological criteria. Pathogenic isolates were obtained from bell and hot peppers exhibiting anthracnose symptoms and grown in the northeastern region of Brazil. These were initially identified based on the sequences of GAPDH, ACT, CAL, β-TUB genes and the ITS-rDNA region. Mycelial growth, coloration of the colony, size and shape of conidia and appressoria were determined for the selected isolates. It was concluded that five species: C. brevisporum, C. scovillei, C. siamense, C. tropicale and C. truncatum compose the species complex associated with anthracnose of Capsicum spp. in northeastern Brazil.

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