The historical trend of aggradation in stream beds of Europe';s mountain and piedmont areas has been reversed since the beginning of the twentieth century to a general tendency towards narrowing and incision. After an overview of some causes and geomorphological effects of river bed incision, and a description of some case studies in alpine rivers, this paper aims to assess how the phenomenon affects the ecosystems of alluvial plains. The questions addressed are, in particular, the effect of river bed incision on sediment redistribution during floods, habitat diversity and the water table; and the consequences of these changes for the distribution and diversity of biological communities. The effect of incision on floodplain vegetation, instream invertebrate communities, groundwater and former channel ecosystems and fish communities are considered. It has been found that incision rarely affects the biocoenoses directly, but indirect changes in habitat conditions are significant. At the scale of the whole hydrosystem, the predicted impact of incision is a decrease in habitat heterogeneity, and, thereby, in biodiversity. At the ecosystem scale, the negative effect on biodiversity is higher in habitats that are less connected to the running water of the river. ©1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The authors compare their points of view in order to attempt to express what, in their opinion, is the exact situation of the contemporary sociology of law, the nature and its production. They endeavour to point out the obstacles the discipline is confronted with. First, they note that this discipline is, from its origin, in quest of an identity. They attribute this difficulty to the dual approach of the discipline, which by definition is at the boundary of two learnings, of two fields of knowledge... of two fields of influence. After going through a rational and comprehensive evaluation of the produced literature, the authors try to show that the duality, which has been brought into light, is not necessarily a failing but rather an essential component, a characteristic linked to the nature of sociology of law which cannot work out validly (be validly effective) without going through a double approach, such as Janus who, despite his two faces... is, by no means, a monster.

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L 'UNIVERS DES CONTES DE GUEULLETTE 1 procède d'une immense expérience de lecteur. S'il est une oeuvre pour justifi er à sa façon le fameux aphorisme mallarméen, « lire-cette pratique-2 », c'est bien la sienne en eff et. Tout ici atteste la présence virtuelle d'une sorte de fi chier documentaire où se trouvent consignés et classés extraits d'oeuvres, articles de dictionnaires, citations de diff érents formats, noms propres, données historiques, géographiques, ethnographiques, scénarios de nouvelles, de contes, objets et décors merveilleux, chapitres de romans à utiliser, séquences discursives en philosophie, en théologie musulmane ou chrétienne, scénarios de nouvelles, de contes, anecdotes puisées dans une foule de relations de voyages, etc. C'est ainsi que le chercheur verra reparaître à diff érents moments de l'oeuvre tel ou tel chapitre de Béroalde de Verville, tels ou tels articles de la Bibliothèque orientale concernant la geste de Baharam, ou tel épisode légendaire du Caherman Nameh, tel ou tel scénario tiré de Straparole ou de La Calprenède, tel ou tel nom propre désignant ici une princesse vertueuse, là un héros malicieux, ou encore

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