<p>En el municipio de San Antonio del Tequendama (Cundinamarca, Colombia) se esta incentivando la siembra del cultivo de lulo, pero se desconocen muchos aspectos relacionados con la fisiologia y el manejo de la especie en estas condiciones agroecologicas. El objetivo fue realizar el estudio del crecimiento y desarrollo del fruto de lulo cultivar var. Septentrionale. Para lo cual se marcaron flores en antesis y se hicieron nueve muestreos de frutos del tercio medio de las plantas cada 20 dias. En cada muestreo se determinaron las siguientes variables: masa fresca y seca de los frutos, firmeza, solidos solubles totales, acidez total titulable e intensidad respiratoria. A los 180 dias, despues de la antesis (DDA), los frutos alcanzaron la madurez de cosecha con una coloracion naranja intensa y una masa promedio de 209 g. El comportamiento de la masa fresca y la masa seca del fruto fue sigmoideo simple lo cual se ajusta a un modelo no lineal de tipo logistico. La acidez total titulable y los solidos solubles totales se incrementaron con el desarrollo del fruto, mientras que la intensidad respiratoria disminuyo y la firmeza aumento hasta los 80 DDA para luego disminuir hasta la cosecha. La tasa absoluta de crecimiento (TAC) se incremento rapidamente y alcanzo su maximo valor</p>
The pitahaya or dragon fruit is one of the most representative exotic fruits that Colombia has, with an important, growing international market, but the cultivation and postharvest of this fruit lack sufficient technological support to be more competitive. Therefore, alternatives that provide good-quality products that meet market requirements are very important. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of a ripening retardant and ethylene application on the conservation and quality of pitahaya fruits and the possible changes during ripening associated with ethylene, for which a completely randomized design with three treatments was used, corresponding to the application of ethylene (ethephon, 3 mL L-1), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 600 mg L-1) and a control, with four replications, for a total of 12 experimental units. The fruits were stored at 18°C with 75% relative humidity. The 1-MCP application significantly decreased the loss of firmness, total soluble solids, loss of fresh mass and respiratory rate. Fruits from the control and ethylene treatment tended toward a climateric respiratory behavior. The total carotenoid content of the fruits was significantly higher in the ethylene application and the control treatment, which was consistent with the color change of the fruits. It can be concluded that the 1-MCP application reduced the ethylene action, slowing the ripening of the dragon fruits.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is an alternative for the development of productive systems in the tropics. By determining the spatial variability of physical characteristics of soil, specific recommendations for certain areas within a zone can be made. Geostatistical analysis can determine the existence and characteristics of the spatial distribution and is an appropriate tool for analyzing the spatial variability of soil properties. The aim of this study was to determine areas with homogeneous physical characteristics in order to establish agricultural management units, using geostatistical techniques. For this study, 62 samples were collected in 10.6 ha in the municipality of El Retén (Magdalena, Colombia). The properties analyzed were: content of sand, silt and clay, particle density, bulk density, total porosity, gravimetric and volumetric water content, hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate. All properties showed spatial correlation, with adjustments to semivariograms theoretical models, mostly to the spherical model, with ranges between 84.87 and 218.60 m and moderate to strong spatial dependence. The contour maps obtained through ordinary kriging, allowed for the identification of the relationship between the different physical properties of the soil and subsequent classification to determine the Agronomic Management Units (AMU).
disminuyendo considerablemente su vida poscosecha. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas que permiten desacelerar los procesos normales de maduración, entre las que se encuentran, la modificación de atmósferas o el almacenamiento a diferentes temperaturas, siendo éste último, muy utilizado por la facilidad de manejo y bajo costo. Por lo anterior, se evaluó el comportamiento del fruto de uchuva ecotipo Colombia sometido a diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento, a los que se les evaluó la pérdida de masa fresca, índice de color, firmeza, sólidos solubles totales y acidez total. Se presentaron diferencias significativas para todas las variables evaluadas entre los tratamientos bajo refrigeración y el testigo. La temperatura de almacenamiento, influyó sobre todas las características físicas y químicas evaluadas de manera satisfactoria, ya que luego de 18 días después de almacenamiento los frutos refrigerados conservaron su calida
Plantulas de tomate.Foto: Álvarez-Herrera. Producción de frutos de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) bajo diferentes láminas de riego, frecuencias de riego y dosis de calcio Production of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits with different irrigation coefficients and frequencies and doses of calcium Tratamiento de uchuva con baja lámina de agua y deficiencia de calcio. Foto: J.G. Álvarez-Herrera RESUMENLa uchuva es la fruta exótica más importante para Colombia y constituye un renglón de exportaciones importante, no obstante en los últimos años el rendimiento obtenido en el cultivo ha disminuido. Por lo anterior, es necesario evaluar factores que afecten la producción, como lo son el riego y la nutrición con calcio, para lo cual VH HPSOHy XQ GLVHxR HQ EORTXHV DO D]DU FRQ WUDWDPLHQWRV HQ DUUHJOR IDFWRULDO GH u3. Los bloques fueron las frecuencias de riego (4, 9 y 14 días distanciadas). El primer factor fue la lámina de riego (0,7; 0,9; 1,1 y 1,3 de la evaporación del tanque clase A) y el segundo la dosis de calcio (0, 50 y 100 kg ha -1 OR TXH UHSUHVHQWy unidades experimentales. Se transplantó en materas de 20 L usando turba rubia como sustrato. El porcentaje GH IUXWRV REWHQLGRV SDUD WDPDxRV JUDQGH ! PP PHGLDQR PP \ SHTXHxR PP IXH GH \ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH &RQ LQWHUYDORV GH ULHJR PiV GLVWDQWHV OD FDQWLGDG GH IUXWRV SHTXHxRV incrementó, no obstante, si se aplicó Ca 2+ , el porcentaje de frutos pequeños disminuyó. La frecuencia de riego cada 4 días presentó los frutos con mayor masa fresca. Al aumentar la cantidad de agua aplicada con un coeficiente de riego de 1,3, creció el número de frutos y la producción por planta. La acumulación de masa seca en el fruto aumentó conforme creció el coeficiente de riego y con la frecuencia de riego más prolongada.
The plum is a fruit prized for its nutraceutical properties because of its high content of fiber and sorbitol, which aid in digestion; furthermore, it is characterized as containing antioxidant pigments and an antiseptic action with anthocyanins. These fruits are classified as climacteric and continue the process of respiration and ripening after harvesting; because of this, it is necessary to harvest early so they can withstand transport, which often causes the fruits to not reach the consumption maturity required by consumers. The effect of ethylene on the ripening of plum fruits was evaluated, for which a completely randomized design with 10 treatments was used, which resulted from the combination of two factors plus a control without applications. The first factor was the ethylene dose (100; 1,000 and 2,000 mg L-1) and the second factor was the length of exposure to the ethylene (5, 10 and 15 minutes). The fruits were stored at room temperature for 9 days. In the fruits treated with ethylene, a significant increase in the respiration index and total soluble solids was observed. Additionally, greater total titratable acids and firmness values were obtained with the control treatment than with the ethylene; similarly, the ethylene application increased the fresh mass loss in the plum fruits. Overall, differences between the fruits treated with ethylene and the control were observed, but not between the doses, indicating that the lowest ethylene dose (100 mg L-1) can obtain the desired uniformity in plum fruits.
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