The incidence of varicocele in an unselected material consisting of 1072 Danish school boys aged 6-19 years was investigated. No cases of varicocele were Simultaneously, it was recorded whether the varicocele was unilateral or bilateral. Furthermore, all abnormalities in the inguinal region such as hernias and herniotomies Scand J Urol Nephrol5 Scand J Urol Nephrol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of North Carolina on 11/21/14 For personal use only. of 65 boys comprise what is usually discovered Scand J Urol Nephrol5 Scand J Urol Nephrol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of North Carolina on 11/21/14 For personal use only. Scand J Urol Nephrol5 Scand J Urol Nephrol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of North Carolina on 11/21/14 For personal use only. Scand J Urol Nephrol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of North Carolina on 11/21/14 For personal use only. -1961. Varicocele: a treatable cause of subfertility. Brit Med J 1, 788. Smith, S . M. 1956-57. Body size and weight in relation to varicocele and hernia. Ann Hum Genet 21, 304. Scand J Urol Nephrol5 Scand J Urol Nephrol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of North Carolina on 11/21/14For personal use only.

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The causes of death in 130 patients with Down's Syndrome and mortality rates from a material of 524 patients were tabulated; a life-table for the ages over 5 years was constructed. An overall death rate of 5-7 times the general population rate was found. No sex difference was observed. The excess mortality was expecially high for heart disease and respiratory disease. Also infectious diseases, others than pneumonia and tuberculosis, showed high mortality rates.

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The prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain, headache, and growing pains has been investigated in an eight-year long longitudinal study on the basis of a nonselected population of school children. The prevalence of these pains was 14.4%, 20.6%, and 15.5%, respectively. Abdominal pain seems to reach a maximum at 9 years of age and headache about three years later. All three sorts of pain show a declining frequency toward adulthood. The ultimate prognosis appears to be dubious. An inquiry into the families of children with and without recurrent pain shows that these pains are part of a reaction pattern in families with an exceptional pain proneness.

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Summary The diagnostic and therapeutic problems in 14 cases of adhesions of the labia minora in children are mentioned. It was found that the condition is quite frequent, is acquired and occurs predominantly during the first 2 years of life. Thorough investigation of the external genitalia in little girls is essential to establish the diagnosis. This is important because the treatment, in which the adhesions are ruptured by means of slight lateral traction, is very easy and painless and because the untreated condition may result in urinary symptoms. Follow‐up treatment with an indifferent ointment applied to the exposed epithelial surfaces is important in order to avoid recurrence. Recognition of the condition is important as incorrect interpretation as pseudohermaphroditism may cause much anxiety and trouble for the children and their families. The pathogenesis is unknown and the hypothesis that it is due to an exaggerated form of the normal childhood hypoestrogenism in the affected children deserves further investigation.

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