Eye Symptoms in Mongolism

Skeller, Erik; Øster, Jakob

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1951.tb05856.x

Cited by 62 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Since that first report, researchers and clinicians have confirmed that individuals with Down syndrome are at risk for a variety of ocular and ophthalmic disorders. These commonly include anomalies of the eyelid (blepharitis), iris (Brushfield spots, hypoplasia), cornea (kcratoconus and congenital opacities), lens (flake-like opacities, cataracts) and retina (abnormal vascular distribution); oculomotor disorders such as nystagmus and strabismus; and significant refractive errors (Orrnond 1912, Lowe 1949, Skeller andOster 1951, Eissler andLongnecker 1962, Cullcn and Butler 1963, In contrast to rhc extensive documentation of the ocular and ophthalmic disorders in patients with Down syndrome, reports of their visual functioning (e.g. visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, peripheral detection and stereopsis) are scarce.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual Acuity in Infants and Children With Down Syndrome

Courage

Adams

Reyno

et al. 1994

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY The authors used the Teller acuity cards to assess the visual acuity of 51 infants and children with Down syndrome aged between two months and 18 years. The success rate and test times were comparable to those reported for normally developing children. Even those subjects in the study who were free of ocular disorders and/or who were wearing optical correction during testing showed significantly poorer visual acuity than individuals without Down syndrome. The development of visual acuity in infants and children with Down syndrome lags behind that of age‐matched peers without Down syndrome, especially after the age of six months. These findings are discussed in terms of the neurological and optical factors that might account for the deficits in visual acuity that were observed. RÉSUMÉ Acutié visuelle des nourrissons el enfanis présentant une Irisomie 21 Les autcurs ont utilisé les cartes ďacuité visuelle de Teller pour évaluer ľacuité visuelle de 51 nourrissons et enfants trisomiques 21, âgés de deux mois à 18 ans. La réusite et les temps de test furent compareés à ceux. qui sont rapportés pour des enfants se développant normalemcnt. Même les sujets de ľétude ne présentant pas de troubles oculaires et/ou porteurs de verres correcteurs Durant le test présentaient une acuité visuelle inférieurc à celle de sujets non trisomiques. Le développement de ľacuité visuelle des nourrissons et enfants trisomiques se situe en retrait de celui de non trisomiques appariés, spécialement après ľâge de six mois. Ces données sont discutées en termes de facteurs neurologiques et optiques qui pourraient rendre compte des déficits ďacuité visuelle observés. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Sehscharfe bei Sduglingen und Kindern mil Down Syndrom Die Autoren benutzten die Teller Acuity Cards, urn die Sehschärfe bei 54 Säuglingen und Kindern mit Down Syndrom im Alter zwischen zwei Monaten und 18 Jahren zu bestimmen. Erfolgsrate und Testzeiten waren mit denen normal entwickelter Kinder vergleichbar. Selbst die Kinder, die keine Sehstörungen hatten und/oder die bei der Testung eine Sehhilfe trugen, hatten eine signifikant schlechtere Sehscharfe als die Kinder ohne Down Syndrom. Die Entwicklung der Sehschärfe bei Säuglingen und Kindern mit Down Syndrom ist im Vergleich zu altersentsprechenden Kontrollen ohne Down Syndrom, insbesondere nach den ersten sechs Monaten, verzögert. Diese Befunde werden im Hinblick auf neurologische und optische Faktoren diskuticrt, die möglicherweise für das beobachtete Schsehärfendefizit verantwortlich sind. RESUMEN Agudeza visual en laciantes y niños con sindrome de Down Los autores usaron las tarjetas Teller de agudeza visual para evaluar la agudeza visual de 51 niños y lactantes con sindrome de Down de edad entre dos meses y 18 años. El porcentaje de éxito y el tiempo usado en el test eran comparables a los encontrados en niños normalmente desarrollados. Incluso los individuos estudiados que no tenían ninguna alteration visual y/o llevaban correcciones ópticas durante la prueba mostraron una agudeza visual significativa...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Acuity in Infants and Children With Down Syndrome

Courage

Adams

Reyno

et al. 1994

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Given this limitation, we are unable to comment as to whether any individuals with corneal disease were included in the study population; however, it is likely that some of the individuals with Down syndrome had corneal abnormalities given the fact that the sample was representative of the Down syndrome population and there are multiple previous reports of an increased prevalence of keratoconus in this population. 2, 5, 31–33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with Down syndrome are known to have a greater prevalence of ocular complications than the general population, such as strabismus, 1–10 nystagmus, 1, 2, 5–9 reduced visual acuity, 11–14 and reduced accommodation. 10, 14–20 In addition, these individuals appear to have a failure to emmetropize 21, 22 and commonly have significant refractive errors, 1, 5–8, 11, 20, 23 often hyperopic, 5, 7, 8, 20, 23, 24 and large amounts of astigmatism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10, 14–20 In addition, these individuals appear to have a failure to emmetropize 21, 22 and commonly have significant refractive errors, 1, 5–8, 11, 20, 23 often hyperopic, 5, 7, 8, 20, 23, 24 and large amounts of astigmatism. 1, 2, 7, 8, 11, 20, 24, 25 More recently, biometric studies of the ocular components of the eyes of individuals with Down syndrome have demonstrated structural differences from the general population, such as thinner 26–29 and steeper corneas, 27–30 thinner crystalline lenses, 27 shorter axial length, 27 and abnormalities of corneal morphology suggestive of early or mild keratoconus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24, 30 It has been hypothesized that these structural corneal differences may be related to the previously reported higher prevalence of keratoconus clinically observed in this population. 2, 5, 31–33 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Whole Eye versus First-Surface Astigmatism in Down Syndrome

Knowlton¹,

Marsack

Leach³

et al. 2015

Optometry and Vision Science

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Purpose Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have structural differences in the cornea and lens, as compared to the general population. This study investigates objectively measured refractive and corneal astigmatism, as well as calculated internal astigmatism in subjects with and without DS. Methods Refractive (Grand Seiko autorefraction) and anterior corneal astigmatism (difference between steep and flat keratometry obtained with Zeiss Atlas corneal topography) were measured in 128 subjects with DS (mean age = 24.8±8.7 yrs) and 137 controls without DS (mean age = 24.9±9.9 yrs), with 1 eye randomly selected for analysis per subject. Refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism were converted to vector notation (J0, J45) to calculate internal astigmatism (Refractive – Corneal) and then converted back to minus cylinder form. Results Mean refractive astigmatism was significantly greater in subjects with DS than controls (−1.94±1.30DC vs −0.66±0.60DC, t=−10.16, p<0.001), as was mean corneal astigmatism (1.70±1.04DC vs 1.02±0.63DC, t=6.38, p<0.001) and mean internal astigmatism (−1.07±0.68DC vs −0.77±0.41DC, t=−4.21, p<0.001). A positive linear correlation between corneal and refractive astigmatism was observed for both study populations for both the J0 and J45 vectors (p<0.001 for all comparisons, R2 range = 0.31 to 0.74). The distributions of astigmatism orientation differed significantly between the two study populations when compared across all three types of astigmatism (Chi-Square, p<0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrates that corneal astigmatism is predictive of overall refractive astigmatism in individuals with DS, as it is in the general population. The greater magnitudes of astigmatism and wider variation of astigmatism orientation in individuals with DS for refractive, corneal, and calculated internal astigmatism is likely attributable to previously reported differences in the structure of the cornea and internal optical components of the eye from that of the general population.

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Lens and Vitreous

Bellows¹

1951

Archives of Ophthalmology

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Eye Symptoms in Mongolism

Cited by 62 publications

References 4 publications

Visual Acuity in Infants and Children With Down Syndrome

Visual Acuity in Infants and Children With Down Syndrome

Comparison of Whole Eye versus First-Surface Astigmatism in Down Syndrome

Lens and Vitreous

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