The aim of our study was to assess the overall trends in the incidence of head-and-neck cancer (HNC) among Danish men and women in 1978-2007, to describe the distribution and incidences of HNCs at different anatomical sites, and to determine whether the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers is increasing. Data were extracted from the nationwide Cancer Registry database. To assess the possible impact of HPV infection, the sites of squamous cell carcinomas were categorized as HPV-associated, potentially HPV-associated or HPV-unrelated. In total, 26,474 incident cases were identified and the overall incidence increased throughout the period. Significantly increasing incidence rates were notably seen for tumors in the oral cavity (2.2% per year), tonsils (4.8% per year), oropharynx (3.5% per year) and hypopharynx (4.4% per year). A significantly decreasing incidence of lip cancer was observed among men (-5.0% per year). Cancers at HPV-associated sites (n 5 3650) showed strongly increasing incidence rates, primarily in individuals < 60 years. In contrast, HNCs at sites not related to HPV infection showed a significant decrease (in men) or virtually no change in incidence (in women). Our results suggest a marked impact of HPV infection on the epidemiology of HNCs in Denmark. HPV16 is the type most often found in HNCs; thus, the recent introduction of vaccination against HPV may in the future prevent HPV-associated cancers of the head and neck.

Objective-To investigate whether residence before and after birth near 50 Hz high voltage installations increases a child's risk of cancer and whether risk correlates with the strength of the magnetic field.Design-A population based case-control study. Setting-Denmark.

HR HPV infection was common among younger women, with HPV16 as the predominant type. We confirmed the importance of sexual activity for the risk of HR HPV infection. In addition, we found that sexual behavior also play an important role for the risk of having multiple HR HPV types.

The aim of the study was to determine the incidences of anal cancer and high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN2/3) over time in Danish women and men. Describing the burden of anal cancer and AIN may be valuable in future evaluations of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. We included all anal cancers in the Danish Cancer Register in the period 1978-2008 and all cases of AIN2/3 in the Danish Registry of Pathology. Overall and age-, period-and histology-specific incidence rates were estimated. During the 30-year period, 2,187 anal cancers were identified, two thirds of which were in women. Between 1978Between -1982Between and 2003Between -2008, the age-standardized incidence rate of anal cancer increased from 0.68 to 1.48 per 100,000 person-years in women and from 0.45 to 0.80 per 100,000 person-years in men. Although there is no systematic screening for AIN in Denmark, we nevertheless identified 608 cases of AIN2/3 during the study period. The average annual percentage change of 5% between 1998 and 2008 represents a steep increase in the incidence of AIN in both genders. Furthermore, the incidence rate of HPV-associated anal cancers increased significantly, whereas that of non-HPV-associated histological types levelled out or even declined during the 30 years of observation. In women, the increase in HPV-associated cancers was more pronounced among those under 60 years of age. Our findings indicate that vaccines against HPV might play an important role in the prevention of anal cancer and its precursor lesions.Anal cancer is relatively rare, representing less than 5% of cancers in the lower gastrointestinal tract, 1 and it is more common in women than in men. Over the past few decades, the incidence of anal cancer has been increasing throughout the world in both genders. In Denmark, a marked increase in the incidence of anal cancer was reported nearly 20 years ago, 2 with the greatest increase among women and men residing in the capital area. This led to investigations in the other Nordic countries and the United States, where similar patterns were observed; it was proposed that the increase was due to changing patterns in sexual behaviour. 3 In general, anal cancer has a fair prognosis, with 5-year survival rates greater than 70%, depending on factors such as gender, tumour stage and response to chemotherapy and radiation. 1 According to data from the SEER programme in the United States, the survival rate has improved substantially in women but not in men. 4 Smoking, sexual practices and immunosuppression have been reported to increase the risk for anal cancer. 1,[5][6][7][8] The most important causative agent is, however, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the precursor lesion for anal cancer. Information about the occurrence of AIN is, however, still limited, the prevalence and incidence having been examined mainly in selected groups, e.g., men who have sex with men and HIV-positive patients; 7-15 few studies have included women. 7,13,15 Knowledge a...

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Persisting human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a critical step in cervical carcinogenesis. This study was conducted to determine the type-specific HPV persistence and risk factors for persistence of high-risk HPV infections in a large cohort of Danish women. The study was based on a population-based prospective cohort study of women aged 20-29 years. Participants were interviewed and underwent two gynecological examinations 2 years apart. Women with Hybrid Capture 2 results at enrolment and a follow-up visit were included in the analysis (n = 7,418). Persistence was defined as positivity for the same high-risk HPV type at both examinations. Overall, 4.2% of the women had persistent HPV infection, accounting for 26.9% of the initially HPV-positive women. HPV 16, HPV 58, and HPV 31, all from species group alpha 9, were the most persistent types; however, other high-risk HPV types that are detected rarely in cancer cases were also likely to persist. The number of high-risk HPV types and detection of HPV 16 infection at baseline and ever use of oral contraceptives increased the risk for persistence. The risk factor analyses also showed that use of an intrauterine device decreased the risk for persistent high-risk HPV infection among women with one high-risk HPV type at baseline. No association was found with viral load or smoking. In conclusion, persistent high-risk HPV infection, especially HPV 16 persistence, was common among women positive for high-risk HPV.

The causes of death in 130 patients with Down's Syndrome and mortality rates from a material of 524 patients were tabulated; a life-table for the ages over 5 years was constructed. An overall death rate of 5-7 times the general population rate was found. No sex difference was observed. The excess mortality was expecially high for heart disease and respiratory disease. Also infectious diseases, others than pneumonia and tuberculosis, showed high mortality rates.

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