One of the most disabling sensorial alterations in the process of growing old is the auditory impairment known as presbyacusis. This alteration reduces social contacts, causing emotional problems, which are frequently overwhelming. In addition to auditory limitation due to acquired auditory impairment, there is auditory handicap related to non-auditory aspects and to emotional and social alterations. Study design: Clinical prospective. Material and Method: Seven subjects, three male and four female, aged 60 to 77 years old, were studied. They presented bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and used unilateral hearing aids. Seven one-hour hearing rehabilitation sessions were held, once a week and in group. Speech reading of all phonemes of Portuguese language was used. Results: A significant reduction of auditory handicap perception was verified in all subjects at the end of seven sessions. This result was established by using HHIE-S questionnaire pre and post-rehabilitation. Conclusion: In order to reduce psychosocial reactions of aged people due to auditory deficit, its is necessary to indicate, select and fit hearing aids, together with an auditory rehabilitation program to help elderly with auditory impairment and their families to deal positively with communication difficulties. Through hearing rehabilitation programs it is possible to reduce the auditory handicap perception of the elderly population. It provides the elderly better quality of life, encourage their social contacts and lessen their loneliness.
ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar alguns aspectos de saúde e de trabalho de caminhoneiros, identificando possíveis relações, determinantes e/ou agravantes, de impactos negativos na sua qualidade de vida. Método: foram entrevistados 400 caminhoneiros do interior de São Paulo, na Rodovia SP-330. Utilizou-se um questionário fechado, que aborda aspectos da percepção dos motoristas sobre a sua saúde e trabalho. Resultados: 59,5% dos trabalhadores são autônomos e 58,5% viajam em rota curta (no limite do Estado), trabalham em mé-dia 12,7 horas diárias e tem entre 5 a 8 horas de sono. Referiram problemas constantes ou ocasionais de postura (67,75%), auditivos (37,75%), estomacais (57,5%), resfriados/gripes (70%), sentimentos negativos como medo, estresse e depressão (58,5%), tonturas (23%), rouquidão (30,75%), pigarro (36,5%), tosse (53,5%). Quanto aos hábitos de consumo e comportamentos, ingerem café (87,75%), alimentos gordurosos (84,5%), bebidas alcoólicas (43%), energéticos (19,5%); fumam (32%) e usam outras drogas (2%). Conclusão: Diversos aspectos das condições de trabalho, hábitos e comportamentos de motoristas de caminhão exercem impactos negativos sobre sua saúde, com prejuízos para a comunicação e a qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: Promoção da saúde; Qualidade de vida; Trabalho; Saúde ocupacional.
OBJETIVO: avaliar o conhecimento adquirido pelos trabalhadores de uma empresa frigorífica após uma ação educativa sobre proteção auditiva. MÉTODOS: foram comparadas as atitudes, intenções e comportamentos de proteção da audição adotados por 61 trabalhadores pré e pós-treinamento, avaliando a efetividade das mensagens através do uso de estímulos positivos. Foram utilizados os questionários "Crenças e Atitudes sobre Proteção Auditiva e Perda Auditiva", os quais foram aplicados antes e após a intervenção na forma de treinamento coletivo. RESULTADOS: os escores dos questionários sobre a percepção de suscetibilidade de adquirir uma perda auditiva e a percepção de obstáculos para uma ação preventiva se mostraram associados às variáveis sexo e tempo de empresa; a percepção de severidade das conseqüências de uma perda auditiva associada ao nível de ruído; normas sociais associada ao tempo de empresa, e a auto-eficácia associada ao resultado da audiometria. CONCLUSÃO: o treinamento com enfoque positivo ocasionou mudanças significativas na percepção de benefícios e de obstáculos de uma ação preventiva em comparação ao grupo de trabalhadores que não recebeu treinamento. Esse estudo possibilitará uma intervenção cujo foco será nas áreas consideradas mais deficitárias com a elaboração de propostas e materiais mais específicos e eficazes para os treinamentos que fazem parte do Programa de Conservação Auditiva. O uso de um questionário sobre as crenças e atitudes como o selecionado permite a identificação de temas que necessitam de clarificação em ações educativas.
The objective of this study was to examine behaviors and attitudes of Brazilian teenagers towards noise, and determine their audiological characteristics. Participants were 245 young persons (14 to 18 years old) who attended private school. Behaviors and attitudes were measured using the validated Portuguese version of the Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS). Pure-tone audiometry was used to evaluate the hearing of a sub-sample of 24 participants. Music played through personal media players was the most common exposure reported. A substantial percentage of participants reported temporary tinnitus (69%) after attending discos, music concerts, and listening to music through headphones. Tinnitus complaints were more frequent among females (41%) than males (27%). Four participants (1.6%) reported use of a hearing protector. Among a subsample of 24 participants, two (8%) young women had bilateral audiometric notches. YANS scores in the present study were slightly lower than those obtained in Sweden and the US, indicating a more negative attitude towards noise. Gender, age, country, and/or region are variables that will influence exposure to noise or music and possibly hearing outcomes.
Low-weight neonates in incubators present physiological alterations when facing discomfort caused by environmental noise in neonatal units.
Ti nnitus is a common auditory complaint among individuals exposed to noise. Aim: this paper aims to study the characteristics of tinnitus in workers exposed to noise. Study design: this is a descriptive prospective study. Materials and method: Fifty-two individuals averaging 29 years of age were enrolled in a hearing loss prevention program at a meat processing plant. The participants were interviewed and had their hearing tested in 2005 and 2006. Results: seventy-one percent of the participants were found to have normal hearing. Tinnitus was present in 16% of the males and in 9% of the females. Mean noise exposure length was 7 years and noise levels ranged from 86 to 91 dBA (48%). Bilateral tinnitus (46%) of the hissing type (40%) and moderate intensity (49%) was the most prevalent. Symptoms began to be observed within one to five years after initial exposure to noise (67%) and manifested themselves in weekly episodes (41%) that bothered the patients mostly at night (34%). A significant correlation was observed between the frequency of tinnitus episodes and the noise levels to which workers were exposed. Conclusion: tinnitus should be included in hearing loss prevention programs in order to more comprehensively promote occupational hearing health.
OBJETIVO: Analisar parte da produção de conhecimento da área dos Distúrbios da Comunicação. MÉTODOS: Análise dos artigos publicados nos periódicos: Revista de Distúrbios da Comunicação; Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia; Revista Fonoatual e Revista Pró-fono, no período de 2000 a 2005. Variáveis examinadas: temática, faixa etária do público alvo, tipo de intervenção e contexto institucional. RESULTADOS: Foram publicados 724 artigos. A temática mais pesquisada, de forma isolada ou combinada, foi Linguagem Oral (282), seguida de Audiologia (232), Motricidade Oral (91) e Voz (62). A faixa etária mais estudada foi de três a dez anos (145). A atuação de diagnosticar e/ou avaliar foi a mais relatada (547), em contexto clínico (542), escolar (63) e hospitalar (32). CONCLUSÃO: Esses números refletem o aumento das publicações desses periódicos. Há necessidade de uma distribuição mais equilibrada das temáticas, faixas etárias, tipos de intervenções e contextos institucionais nas produções da área. Novos estudos em torno da produção do conhecimento devem ser realizados visando o registro histórico do que tem sido pesquisado e a definição de ações e campos estratégicos para o implemento da pesquisa na área.
There are barriers to effective hearing protection among musicians. Aim: To investigate the acceptance of hearing protection aids in members of an instrumental and voice music band. Material and method: A prospective study of 34 members of the Municipal Indaial Band. Sound pressure levels were measured during a rehearsal, indicating mean levels ranging from 96.4 dB(A) to 106.9 dB(A). Subjects answered questionnaires and underwent audiometry. They attended a lecture in which folders and hearing protection aids were provided; subjects were asked to try using the protectors for 3 months. Results: At the end of the study period, 56.2% reported not liking hearing protection, while 43.7 % accepted such protection. The most common complaints were discomfort with sounds (58.8 %) and tinnitus (47%). 77.1% said that music might cause hearing impairment. A statistically significant difference was observed in the right ear at 4 and 6 kHz and at the left ear in 3, 4 and 6 kHz when median thresholds were compared with those from unexposed controls. Conclusion: Although most subjects seemed aware of the risk, few took preventive measures against hearing loss. This suggests the need for periodic educational campaigns and specific legislation tailored to music professionals.
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