ResumoA Educação a Distância é um importante movimento no contexto educacional que ganhou espaço recentemente devido ao impulso que recebeu com o desenvolvimento das ferramentas de informática e de comunicações. É nesse contexto que o presente trabalho se insere, abundância de recursos tecnológicos, rapidez nas comunicações, maior interatividade via internet e exigência de capacitação por parte do mercado de trabalho. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: evidenciar a posição dos acadêmicos do ensino presencial sobre a metodologia de educação à distância; avaliar os pontos fortes e fracos da metodologia na opinião dos acadêmi-cos; avaliar a percepção dos acadêmicos, em relação às vantagens e desvantagens da metodologia, de educação a distância em relação ao ensino presencial. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com questionários semiestruturados com um grupo de 30 acadêmicos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Com relação aos resultados obtidos, merece atenção a forma com que os acadêmicos receberam e se inseriram na dinâmica do ensino on line. A maioria dos alunos mostrou-se satisfeita com os resultados alcançados e com as possibilidades que a plataforma de ensino a distân-cia permite para a complementação do aprendizado.Verificou-se que os acadêmicos reconhecem a importância da Educação a Distância, mas preferem ainda o modelo tradicional do ensino presencial. Vale ressaltar que o trabalho trata de um estudo exploratório, onde foram levantadas questões sobre o assunto, as quais deverão ser mais bem exploradas e discutidas em outros
Anthracnose is one of the most important diseases in strawberry crop, and the search for control alternatives has been frequent, especially in organic cultivation areas. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of Eucaliptus citriodora and Azadirachta indica oil on the control of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry. In the in vitro experiment, mycelial growth inhibition was determined when the fungus was subjected to extracts at the following concentrations: 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5%. In the field, the disease control was evaluated through oil spraying at 0, 0.5 and 1.0% concentrations at intervals of Dias-Arieira, C.R.; Ferreira, L.R.; Arieira, J.O.; Miguel, E.G.; Donega, M.A.; Ribeiro, R.C.F. Eucalyptus citriodora and Azadirachta indica oil activity in the control of Colletotrichum acutatum, in strawberry crop. Summa Phytopathologica, v.36, n.2, p.228-232, 2010.Keywords: anthracnose, strawberry, essential oil, neem, eucalyptus.Palavras-chave adicionais: flor-preta, morango, óleo essencial, nim, eucalipto. RESUMOA flor-preta é uma das doenças mais importantes do morangueiro e a bu sca por a lterna tiva s de controle tem sido u ma consta nte, principa lmente em á rea s de cu ltivo orgâ nico. Assim, objetivou -se a va liar a eficiência , in vitro e in viv o , v.36, n.3, p.228-232, 2010. seven, fifteen and thirty days, in plants inoculated with 10 6 conidia/mL suspension. Evaluations were weekly performed, and parameters such as occurrences and size of lesions in the peduncle and in the fruits, flower abortion, productivity, and natural disease occurrences were observed. In vitro, all treatments showed significant reduction in the mycelial growth relative to control. In the field, only neem oil had a significant effect decreasing flower abortion and the occurrences of sick fruits originated from inoculated flowers. However, natural disease occurrence was higher when 1.0% was weekly sprayed. dos óleos de Eu c a ly p tu s c itrio d o ra e Aza d ira c h ta in d ic a no controle deAtualmente, a flor preta é considerada uma das mais destrutivas doenças do morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). O agente causal da doença é o fungo Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds que, além de infectar as flores, causa sintomas em frutos, pedúnculos, folhas, meristemas apicais e parte superior do rizoma (25). As perdas ocasionadas variam entre 30 e 68 % (13). Contudo, a destruição total da lavoura pode ocorrer se as condições climáticas forem favoráveis ao fungo.Os principais sintomas da doença são lesões escuras que se iniciam no cálice e, posteriormente, atingem o botão ou a flor, tornando-os secos, mumificados e de coloração castanho escura. O pistilo, ovário e cálice ficam totalmente secos e escuros. Nos folíolos observa-se a presença de manchas necróticas irregulares. O fungo é favorecido por temperaturas em torno de 25 a 30ºC e alta umidade. Períodos de chuva por mais de dois dias consecutivos são altamente favoráveis ao rápido desenvolvimento da doença. Sob estas condições, obs...
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, are the most common phytoparasites in soybean crop, which usually occur in association in crop areas. However, few studies were conducted on the interaction between these parasites. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interference of the increase in M. javanica population in the reproduction of P. brachyurus, and the effect of mixed populations on soybean (cultivar BRS/MT Pintado) development. The experiment consisted in inoculating a population of 1000 specimens of P. brachyurus per plant Fontana, L.F.; Arieira, c.r.d.; Abe1, V.H.F.; Severino, J.J.; Arieira, J.O.; Monteiro, R.N.F. Interference of Meloidogyne javanica in the reproduction of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean cultivar BRS/MT pintado. Summa Phytopathologica, v.44, n.2, p.143-147, 2018. and changing the inoculum level of M. javanica, using zero, 1000, 2000 and 4000 eggs, in two different periods. After 65 days of inoculation, the increase in the initial population of M. javanica reduced by 79 and 73% the final population of P. brachyurus in the different experiments. However, both species significantly increased their populations. When subjected to the same inoculum level, M. javanica was more efficient in reproducing than P. brachyurus. The increase in the number of nematodes reduced the vegetative growth of the plant. Keywords: Glycine max, interactions, root-knot nematodes, root-lesion nematodes, mixed populationsSoybean is the most important oilseed crop in the world and has increased in percentage more than the major grain crops, particularly because its market has obtained a solid structure worldwide, the plant has been recognized as an important source of vegetable protein and technology has been generated, allowing the crop expansion to different regions of the world (17).Although soybean planted areas and productivity have continuously grown, maximum yield potential (4000 kg/ha) is hard to obtain in most countries. The main factors that limit the yield, the profitability and the success of soybean production are diseases, including nematodes which cause significant losses to the Brazilian production, varying from slight to complete (100%) (2, 11).Species of Meloidogyne, particularly Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, represent a serious problem in soybean producing regions (18). Data on specific yield losses caused by these two species are common and vary among the different crop areas or regions (1), reaching up to 40% in low fertility sandy soils.Another nematode that has a significant impact on Brazilian soybean production is Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven. It is an aggressive species that heavily infest soybean producing areas (5, 18). Crop losses caused by this nematode are estimated to range from 10 to 30% of the production potential, especially in areas showing sandy soil and irregular rainfall distribution (5). Nevertheless, declines of u...
The purpose of this paper is to identify beef cattle production systems in the northwestern part of the state of Paraná, Brazil. To achieve this, interviews with 42 randomly selected cattle breeders were conducted between the months of November and December 2016 to describe the reality of the farms of this region. These interviews were carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire containing 49 questions pertaining to the reality of farms regarding herd management and property (nutrition, health, reproduction, and animal welfare), environment care, property area, and realized activities. Additionally, this questionnaire described the requirements of slaughterhouse for animal housing and the values obtained by the animals marketed according to the producers. After the interviews were carried out, a data bank was created using the software Microsoft Excel (ver. 2010). The data was later transferred to the software PASW 18 for Windows to perform multivariate statistical analyses. Defining the most representative variables was realizedwith multivariate statistical analysis, and these were represented by factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis to define the production systems. Through statistical analysis, three different systems were defined: the first production system has 18, the second production system five, and the third production system has 18 cattle breeders. The three systems found in the northwest region of the state of Paraná have different production and marketing characteristics, with the second system being superior to the other systems. Key words: Meat. Marketing. Structuring of the Property. Animal Production and Remuneration. ResumoObjetivou-se identificar os sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte existentes no Noroeste do Paraná. Para isso foram entrevistados 42 pecuaristas escolhidos aleatoriamente para retratar a realidade da criação de bovinos na região, entre os meses de Novembro e Dezembro de 2016. Estas entrevistas foram por meio de um questionário semiestruturado contendo 49 questões que retratam a realidade das fazendas sobre o tipo de criação, o manejo da propriedade com os animais, os cuidados ambientais implementados na propriedade, área total e tipo de exploração da propriedade; como também retrata as exigências dos frigoríficos para as carcaças dos animais e os valores obtidos pelos animais comercializados segundo os produtores. Após a coleta, foi realizada a tabulação dos dados obtidos no programa Microsoft Excel 2010® para, então serem realizadas as análises multivariadas no pacote estatístico PASW 18 para Windows. Foram definidas as variáveis mais representativas para então serem realizadas as analises multivariadas, sendo as mesmas representadas pela Análise de Fatores, Análise de Agrupamento e Análise Discriminantes. A partir das análises os sistemas foram identificados como três grupos distintos de produção, o primeiro sistema é composto por 18 produtores, o segundo sistema por cinco produtores e o terceiro sistema constituído por 18 produto...
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