Vegetable oil is considered as one among the promising alternatives for diesel fuel as it holds properties very close to diesel fuel. However, straight usage of vegetable oil in compression ignition (CI) engine resulted in inferior performance and emission behavior. This can be improved by modifying the straight vegetable oil into its esters, emulsion, and using them as a fuel in CI engine showcased an improved engine behavior. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one such kind of vegetable oil gained a lot of attraction globally as it is generated in a large quantity locally. The present investigation aims at analyzing various parameters of single cylinder four stroke CI engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB), waste cooking oil biodiesel water emulsion (WCOBE) while the engine is operated with a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Furthermore, an attempt is made to study the impact of nanofluids in the behavior of the engine fueled with WCOB blended with nanofluids (WCOBN50). This work also explored a novel method of producing nanofluids using one-step chemical synthesis method. Copper oxide (CuO) nanofluids were prepared by the above mentioned method and blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOBN50) using ethylene glycol as a suitable emulsifier. Results revealed that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of WCOBN50 are significantly improved when compared to WCOB and WCOBE. Furthermore, a higher reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke emissions were observed with WCOBN50 on comparison with all other tested fuels at different power outputs. It is also identified that one-step chemical synthesis method is a promising technique for preparing nanofluids with a high range of stability.
In this study, an attempt was made on the consumption of neat waste cooking oil (WCO) in a thermal barrier coated (TBC) diesel engine. During the first stage of the study, the standard engine fuelled with diesel and WCO with different power outputs (25%, 50%, 75% & 100%) to measure the performance, combustion and emission parameters. In the second stage of the study, the engine components coated with 8% yttrium stabilized zirconium (8%YSZ) ceramic coat and NiCrAl bond coat using plasma spray coating. In the third stage of the study, the base engine convert to TBC mode and fuelled with diesel and neat waste cooking oil and reading were compared. From the experimental study, it came to know that, the brake thermal efficiency of uncoated diesel and WCO, 31.2%, and 25.7% were as for TBC diesel and WCO it was improved to 32.8 % and 27%. In the combustion side, the cylinder peak pressure for uncoated diesel and WCO 62 bar and 55.8 bar were as for TBC diesel and WCO improved to 63 bar and 57 bar. Further on the emission side, the CO, HC, and smoke were decreased in the TBC mode along with the penalty of increase in the NOx for both diesel and WCO. From the experimental study, the TBC mode reduces the heat flux from the combustion chamber and traps the heat inside the cylinder as an effect it reduces the ignition delay and helps to utilize highly viscous fuel like WCO in a diesel engine.
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