Vegetable oil is considered as one among the promising alternatives for diesel fuel as it holds properties very close to diesel fuel. However, straight usage of vegetable oil in compression ignition (CI) engine resulted in inferior performance and emission behavior. This can be improved by modifying the straight vegetable oil into its esters, emulsion, and using them as a fuel in CI engine showcased an improved engine behavior. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one such kind of vegetable oil gained a lot of attraction globally as it is generated in a large quantity locally. The present investigation aims at analyzing various parameters of single cylinder four stroke CI engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB), waste cooking oil biodiesel water emulsion (WCOBE) while the engine is operated with a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Furthermore, an attempt is made to study the impact of nanofluids in the behavior of the engine fueled with WCOB blended with nanofluids (WCOBN50). This work also explored a novel method of producing nanofluids using one-step chemical synthesis method. Copper oxide (CuO) nanofluids were prepared by the above mentioned method and blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOBN50) using ethylene glycol as a suitable emulsifier. Results revealed that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of WCOBN50 are significantly improved when compared to WCOB and WCOBE. Furthermore, a higher reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke emissions were observed with WCOBN50 on comparison with all other tested fuels at different power outputs. It is also identified that one-step chemical synthesis method is a promising technique for preparing nanofluids with a high range of stability.
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The search for a new renewable biofuel and aiming to make the environment clean is always a challenge for a researcher in developing a sustainable fuel for future mobility. In this context, vegetable oils were found as good alternative biofuels for diesel engines as they are biodegradable and renewable in nature. Most of the physio-chemical properties of vegetable oils are very closer to diesel. However, pure vegetable oils are expensive and using them to operate the diesel engine may affect the food supply chain. In view of this limitation, Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel (WCOB) derived from waste cooking oil (WCO) was found to be very attractive solution for the above said constraints as they are easily available, renewable, economically and environmentally viable. This research aims at studying the effect of hybrid nano additives (i.e. Copper Oxide with Zinc Oxide) on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. The Copper oxide with Zinc oxide hybrid nano fluids were prepared by a novel wet chemical method. These nano fluids were prepared in two mass fractions (i.e. 50ppm and 100ppm) and blended with WCOB and considered as test fuels such as WCOBCZ50 and WCOBCZ100. The stability of hybrid nano fluids prepared by wet chemical method and blended with WCOB was found good. The fuels diesel, WCOB, WCOBCZ50 and WCOBCZ100 were tested in the test engine at different loading conditions to evaluate the engine performance and emission parameters. The experimental results revealed that the addition of hybrid nano additives in WCOB improved the fuel properties which were reflected in terms of increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced brake specific fuel consumption compared to neat WCOB. It was also observed that HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions were reduced with the addition of hybrid nano additives as compared to neat WCOB. Thus, it can be concluded that inclusion of hybrid nano additives pave way for effective utilization of WCOB in an unmodified diesel engine over a period of time.</div></div>
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