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Ceramics are inorganic materials which are mostly crystalline oxides. The crystallinity of the ceramics differs from highly oriented crystalline to a semi-crystalline structure. Due to its varying crystallinity and electron composition in the ionic as well as covalent bonds the ceramics are able to exhibit different thermal, structural, optical, and electrical properties. Polycrystalline ceramics are used for various applications such as solid-state lasers, light-emitting diodes, infrared detectors, temperature sensors, solar cells. The precise dopant concentration in ceramics with rare-earth elements makes ceramics useful for luminescent and high-temperature applications such as lasing action and medical display devices. 1,2 Y 2 O 3 is considered the most important multifunctional material due to its potential application prospects. Y 2 O 3 has

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