Ceramics are inorganic materials which are mostly crystalline oxides. The crystallinity of the ceramics differs from highly oriented crystalline to a semi-crystalline structure. Due to its varying crystallinity and electron composition in the ionic as well as covalent bonds the ceramics are able to exhibit different thermal, structural, optical, and electrical properties. Polycrystalline ceramics are used for various applications such as solid-state lasers, light-emitting diodes, infrared detectors, temperature sensors, solar cells. The precise dopant concentration in ceramics with rare-earth elements makes ceramics useful for luminescent and high-temperature applications such as lasing action and medical display devices. 1,2 Y 2 O 3 is considered the most important multifunctional material due to its potential application prospects. Y 2 O 3 has

This research focuses on the gravitational creation of a water vortex stream, which is a novel technique in hydropower engineering. The water enters a wide straight inlet and then through a vertical conical tube, creating a vortex that exits at the shallow basin's centre floor. The blades of the turbine can spin in the vortex, which generates electricity from a generator. The gravitational vortex turbine is the name for this kind of turbine. The turbine is driven by the vortex's dynamic force rather than the pressure differential. Since no discretization of the flow domain is needed, this study relies on simulation to provide the specifics of water vortex creation. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models' boundary conditions are added depending on the experiment configuration. Two different hole sizes for water discharge were tested in two different environments. The first condition's effect shows that the vortex heights in the experiment and CFD agree. The final vortex height of the CFD model differs from the experiment outcome in the second condition. More turbulent flow has set in as the discharge hole becomes larger, creating more errors in the CFD model's prediction of water vortex formation.

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The co-precipitation synthesis is considered as one of the greatest wet chemical route to produce nanoparticles because of its yield and control over synthesis parameters. In this manuscript, Yttria (Y2O3) nanoparticles (YNPs) have been synthesized through direct titration precipitation process using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as precipitant to metal ion molar ratio (M3+) in acidic medium condition. The molar ratio [R= (NH4HCO3)/(M3+)] varies from 0.35 M to 0.55 M with constant metal ion (M3+=0.1M) concentration. The influence of R-value on crystallographic structure, particle size, surface morphology of YNPs are comprehensively studied. Rietveld refined parameters confirm the formation of pure cubic yttria phase in calcined powders. The FTIR results confirm the presence of Y-O-Y and Y-O bands. The influence of R-value on the development of morphological aspects was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy which shows pseudo spherical morphology with a particle size range of 24.63±5.6 nm to 31.46±5.1 nm. TGA/DSC results confirm the complete transformation of intermediate yttrium compounds to pure cubic Y2O3 single phase at a temperature of 780°C.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is number one cereal of the world and is grown on the largest area. Field experiment conducted at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj of CSAUA&T in Kanpur. In this study the high heritability and high genetics advance for the twelve characters were observed in normal conditions. In different genotypes, high heritability (narrow sense) were recorded for days to maturity, one thousand grains weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, number of tillers per plant and while moderate heritability were found for plant height, harvest index, grain yield per plant, biological yield, spike length (cm) and days to 50% heading whereas number of spikelets per spike showed low heritability. The estimate of genetic advance in percentage over mean ranged from 5.56 (days to maturity) to 43.04 (number of productive tillers per plant) in Fl generation. The high value of genetic advance was recorded for number of tillers per plant. Moderate genetic advance were recorded for days to 50% heading, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), 1000 grain weight (g), grain weight per spike (g), biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant and harvest index. Low values of genetic advance were recorded for days to maturity, number of spikelets per spike and number of grain per spike in F1 generation.