Wear Performance of Cu-Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron

Batra, Uma; Batra, Nimish; Sharma, Jagmohan

doi:10.1007/s11665-012-0380-3

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, the wear resistance of ADI is crucial in engineering applications. While some studies have investigated the effects of surface hardening and alloying on the wear resistance of ADI [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], information regarding the austempering effect remains insufficient [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Dry/Wet Tribological Behaviors of 1% Cu-Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron

2023

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In this study, different austempering conditions were applied to 1 wt.% Cu-alloyed ductile iron to produce various austempered ductile irons (ADIs). The study aimed to explore the variations in microstructure, hardness, and dry/wet wear behaviors of the ADIs. The experimental results indicated that the microstructure of the 300 °C–ADI has denser needle-like ausferrite, lower retained austenite content, and higher carbon content in austenite compared with the 360 °C–ADI. As the austempering time increased, the retained austenite content decreased, while the carbon content of austenite increased. Regardless of dry or wet abrasive behavior, the wear resistance of the ADIs was significantly superior to that of the as-cast material. The ADI obtained at 300 °C for 10 h demonstrated the best wear resistance performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Dry/Wet Tribological Behaviors of 1% Cu-Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron

2023

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“…It has been the subject of numerous studies in the past in order to exploit its attractive combination of tensile strength, ductility, fatigue strength and toughness [8][9][10]. The wear resistance of ADI is reported to be comparable with quenched and tempered ductile iron or by surface hardening treatments such as laser hardening [11,12]. Combining these characteristics makes ADIs highly competitive with carburizing and hardening steels, medium carbon steels, and forging steels and hardened cast irons for important industrial applications, including transmission parts, rails, gears, rolling elements, cam shafts, crankshafts, engine valves, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry sliding wear of ductile and austempered ductile iron: effect of load and sliding speed

Shriya

Singh

Batra

et al. 2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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In this study, dry sliding wear behaviour of a copper alloyed austempered ductile iron (ADI) consisting of very fine ausferrite, small high carbon austenite blocks, was investigated against 100Cr6 ball using ball-on-disc tribometer. Tribotests were conducted at different loads of 10, 30, 50, and 100 N and speeds between 0.39 to 0.79 m/s. Worn-out surfaces and wear debris revealed tribe-oxidation and abrasive wear as the primary mechanism for material removal at lower loads and low speed (0.39 m/s). With an increase in load and speed, fragmented graphite nodules acted as solid lubricants. Additionally, partial transfer of tribo-oxide onto the counter-body ball, and plastic deformation and strain hardening of ADI matrix lowered the friction coefficient and wear rate at higher loads and speed, to nearly 1/ 3 and 1/10 as compared with those at lower loads and speed. The superior wear resistance of present ADI is worthy of consideration for transmission parts.

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“…Literature suggests that the microstructure in ADIs governs the properties such as hardness, strength, toughness, work hardening behaviour, etc., which in turn influence the friction and wear performance [11]. ADIs, when austempered at higher temperatures, exhibited superior wear resistance because of the transition of wear mechanism from oxidative to adhesive and delaminating (microcuts) to ploughing and plastic fatigue wear with enrichment of austenite [18]. Increased austenite promotes work hardening through strain-induced martensitic transformation and high dislocation density, according to other researchers [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of austempering temperature on microstructure and tribological behaviour of hypoeutectic austempered ductile iron alloyed with copper

Batra

Singh

Sharma

2022

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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In the present work, Cu alloyed ductile iron was isothermally treated at five different temperatures (280°C, 300°C, 320°C, 350°C, and 380°C) for 1 h to obtain an ausferrite microstructure composing a very fine ferrite phase and carbon enriched austenite. Microstructural characteristics exhibited a high ultimate tensile strength of 950-1600 MPa of ADI comparable to or even stronger than forged steels. The bulk hardness was 460-288 HV10, higher than pearlite, but lower than pure martensitic. The tribological behaviour of ADI was investigated using a 10 mm pin diameter during sliding. Its friction coefficient decreased almost by half as compared with ductile iron due to its ausferritic morphology and carbon enrichment. Under oxidative and adhesive conditions, an austempered microstructure with very fine ferrite and high carbon austenite is most wear-resistant due to its adequate strength, toughness, and lubricative behaviour. Wear resistance of ADIs can be improved through tailoring microstructure through austempering.

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Wear Performance of Cu-Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Microstructure and Dry/Wet Tribological Behaviors of 1% Cu-Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron

Microstructure and Dry/Wet Tribological Behaviors of 1% Cu-Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron

Dry sliding wear of ductile and austempered ductile iron: effect of load and sliding speed

Effect of austempering temperature on microstructure and tribological behaviour of hypoeutectic austempered ductile iron alloyed with copper

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