This study investigates the relationship between color perceptual attributes and color emotions, as well as the influence of different cultural backgrounds. Totally 214 color samples were evaluated on 12 emotion variables by subjects from seven different region groups in the psychophysical experiment. By factor analysis, it was found that three factors were sufficient to represent 80 11 "region-emotion" variables. For each variable, there is no distinct difference among different region groups. The 12 emotion variables could be divided into four categories, namely, activity index, potency index, definition index, and temperature index. Factor scores were further calculated to study the determinants on each factor. The analysis showed that the three factors were mainly related to chroma, lightness, and hue, respectively. It was concluded that chroma and lightness were the most important factors on color emotion, whereas the influences of hue and cultural background were very limited. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
The textile fiber made of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) came onto the market a few years ago. This fiber has certain advantages over traditional polyester, especially its greater elasticity and the fact that it can be dyed at lower temperatures. Here we study the dyeing kinetics of this “new” fiber using an azo disperse dye, C.I. Disperse Red 82, observing that the dyeing rate increases with temperature and that dyebath exhaustions only reach acceptable levels at temperatures above 80 °C. In order to quantify and compare the experimental data obtained, three kinetics models have been chosen. To fit results with models, non-linear regression methods have been applied and, to differentiate between early and final stages, two levels of exhaustion have been checked. From results obtained with the Chrastil model, apparent diffusion coefficients and the activation energy of diffusion have been calculated.
An isoreactive dyeing system is a system in which the sorp tion m e is kept constant throughout the whole kinetic period. A theoretical study of this condition was carried out using the modified kinetic equation o f Cegama-Fiiente and the Arrhenius equation. The isoreactivity equation is used to determine the conditions of temperature-time which should be applied during dyeing to achieve constant sorption at different sorption times. Finally, the theoretical values and those found experimentally in the dyeing systems: wool-acid dyes, viscose rayon-direct dyes and acrylic fibres-cationic dyes are compared.
Biofunctional textiles are materials with new properties and added value. In this work, emphasis was placed on the release capacity of the active principle (caffeine) from the formulation or from the biofunctional textile. In addition, a new in vitro methodology of percutaneous absorption was designed to demonstrate the delivery of encapsulated caffeine from the biofunctional textile to the different skin layers. In the first step, permeation studies through a nylon membrane were performed and the release capacity of caffeine present in the samples was quantified. In the second step, it was possible to detect the presence of caffeine in the different layers of the skin, while maintaining a close contact between the biofunctional textile and the skin by using pressure during the percutaneous absorption test. The new system is satisfactory for measuring the pass of the active principle from the biofunctional textile to the different skin layers.
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