No abstract

A guideline for simulation studies of wastewater treatment plants is proposed. The aim of the HSG-guideline is to define a reference quality level that helps to make the results of simulation studies comprehensible and comparable and therefore increases the quality and reliability of mathematical modelling in wastewater treatment. The paper gives a summary of the HSG-guideline, written by a group of university members from Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

No abstract

No abstract

Reaction of the 1-β-chloroethyl-substituted 1H-phosphirene complex 2 with silver salts results in formation of the acceptor-substituted 1H-phosphirene complexes 3; decomposition of the latter furnishes the doubly complexed bisphosphirenyl ether 4. Treatment of the acceptor-substituted 1H-phosphirene complexes 3 or, respectively, the bisphosphirenyl ether 4 with the strong Lewis acid boron tris(trifluoromethanesulfonate) leads to the corresponding salts 6 or 7 of the pentacarbonyltungsten-substituted phosphirenylium cation.