Morphological variability of four wild species, one semi-cultivated and one cultivated species of Theobroma L., indigenous to Brazil and introduced in the Bahian cocoa-growing region, was characterized based on 35 quantitative and 13 qualitative traits. T. cacao, which shows a great diversity of conserved germplasm and many published references for morphological characterization, besides of being one of the most cultivated species in Theobroma, was used for comparison as reference species. Sample size was defined for each organ evaluated and individual data set related to leaf, flower, fruit and seed analyzed by a multivariate approach. The studied species showed a large variation for all morphological traits evaluated. T. grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum. and T. bicolor Humb. et Bonpl. showed the highest means for quantitative variables but were very divergent from each other considering flower and qualitative traits. These were the only species that presented similar number of seeds in comparison with T. cacao. A species with smaller means for most traits was T. obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli. The four wild species show white seeds while T. cacao shows purple ones. Multivariate analysis of variance indicates significant differences between Theobroma species for individual or grouped morphological fruit traits. The results from a cluster analysis were, in a general way, congruent with botanical classification. The statistical analysis performed here was useful to identify a great variability among evaluated traits and to distinguish the most divergent variables from Theobroma species. This work provided an important contribution to morphological characterization of polymorphic traits from different organs of Theobroma species, which can help breeders in the future on the direction of interspecific crosses attempts.
ABSTRACT. Four mutant cocoa accessions with morphological changes and a cultivar sample were karyomorphologically characterized. Slides were prepared by enzymatic digestion of the root meristem and squashed in 45% acetic acid, followed by 2% Giemsa staining. The chromosome number of 2n = 20 was seen in all accessions. The karyotype formula for Cacau Comum and Cacau Rui was 2n = 20m. Submetacentric chromosomes were observed in Cacau Pucala and Cacau Jaca, both with 2n = 18m + 2sm, but the karyotype formula for Cacau Sem Vidro was 2n = 16m + 4sm.
EMPREGO DE FEROMÔNIOS NA CAPTURA DE Metamasius sp. E Rhynchophorus palmarum, EM PLANTIOS DE PUPUNHA E DENDEZEIROVisando a coleta massal dos curculionídeos Metamasius sp. e Rhynchophorus palmarum, em plantios de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) e dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis) no sul da Bahia, comparou-se a eficiência dos feromônios rincoforol e combulure em ambos os plantios. As duas formulações tiveram comportamento idêntico em plantios de pupunha, porém em plantios de dendezeiros a formulação combolure mostrou-se mais eficiente do que rincoforol na coleta dos referidos insetos-praga. Iscas de cana-de-açúcar e meristema de pupunha não diferiram estatisticamente quanto à atratividade sobre Metamasius sp. e R. palmarum. Iscas atrativas constituídas somente por toletes de cana-de-açúcar coletaram significativamente menos indivíduos de Metamasius sp. e R. palmarum do que estas combinadas com as duas formulações dos feromônios.
Palavras-chave: Bactris gasipaes, Elaeis guineensis, Curculionídeos, Feromônio, Coleta massal.Use of pheromone baits to catch up Metamasius sp. and Rhynchophorus palmarum in 'peach palm' and palm oil plantations. Aiming the mass collection of Metamasisus sp. and Rhynchophorus palmarum weevils in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) and oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineensis) in southern Bahia, the effectiveness in attraction of the pheromones rhynchophorol and combulure were compared in plantations of both crops. All the formulations had similar behavior; however, in oil palm plantations the combulure formulation was more efficient than rhynchophorol for the capture of these insect pests. Baits of sugar cane and peach palm meristems did not significantly differ in attractiveness of Metamasius sp. and R. palmarum. Baits made only with sugar cane stalks collected significantly fewer individuals of both insects than stalks combined with the two formulations of the pheromone.
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