Background: Candidal infections have increased significantly in denture wearers, especially in immunocompromised patients. The increase in resistance to existing antifungal drugs and number of patients at risk, in conjunction with the restricted number of commercially available antifungal drugs that still present many side effects, are the cause for this problem. These limitations emphasize the need to develop new and more effective antifungal agents with lesser side effects. Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible antifungal action of the alcoholic extract of different concentrations of Curcuma longa on four dilutions of Candida albicans (1:10, 1:20, 1:40 and 1:80) and to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration using Sabouraud's agar medium. Results: There was complete inhibition of the growth of all four dilutions of Candida at a concentration of 800 μl which is considered as the MIC of alcoholic extract of turmeric on C. albicans , and the minimum fungicidal concentration was at 1600 μl. Conclusion: This study indicates a potent antifungal action of C. longa against C. albicans .
Aims and Objective:(1) To study the clinical and histological features of oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) and oral lichenoid dysplasia (OLD). (2) To estimate and compare the silver nucleolar organizer regions in OLR and OLD.Materials and Methods:A total of 40 biopsies were studied; sections were divided as study group, which consists of OLP, OLR and OLD each of 10 cases and 10 biopsies of normal oral mucosa as control group. Sections were stained by silver staining technique and total number of silver stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were counted in nucleoli of 100 cells in each section under x100 objective (oil immersion).Results:Our study revealed that the difference between the (AgNOR) count of OLP (2.272 ± 0.09) and OLR (2.27 ± 0.073) is not statistically significant (P = 0.81). The mean AgNOR count of OLD (2.388 ± 0.043) compared to that of OLP (2.272 ± 0.09) and OLR (2.27 ± 0.073) showed an increase and it is statistically highly significant (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively).Conclusion:AgNOR count is an objective test, which has stronger biological basis for diagnosing epithelial dysplasia. It is easy to perform, inexpensive and is performed on biopsied specimen. However, this technique cannot differentiate OLP and OLR, as there is no much difference in the proliferative activity of cells in these two lesions. It is reasonable to suggest that all biopsy tissues from lichenoid lesions where dysplastic features are observed in routine histopathological sections should be additionally stained by silver technique to ascertain dysplastic status of the lesion.Clinical Significance:This is an improved diagnostic parameter, which will help pathologists to formulate more definitive final histopathological diagnosis and will in turn facilitate the formulation of patient treatment and follow-up care by clinicians.
Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is relatively uncommon lesion presenting clinically as ulceration of the oral mucosa with a chronic course associated with delayed healing. Chronic irritation causing trauma to the oral mucosa is considered as major causative factor. The most commonly affected site of the lesion appears to be Tongue and Buccal mucosa. This lesion represents clinically as ulcer with indurated margins mimicking malignancy, causing diagnostic challenge for the dentists. Histologically characterized by breach in the epithelium exposing underlying connective tissue inltrated with dense amount of inammatory cells predominantly of eosinophils penetrating the underlying mucle. It is important to diagnose the lesion histologically to rule out malignancy and to treat appropriately. However the lesion resolves on its own or with minimal and conservative treatment. In this review we present four case series of clinically manifesting ulceroproliferative lesions on buccal mucosa and diagnosed as TUGSE,based on clinical and histopathological features.
Mucormycosis (phycomycosis, zygomycosis) is an severe opportunistic infection 2 caused by a saprophytic fungus found in soil, bread molds, decaying fruits and vegetables. This disease is commonly found in immunodeficiency patients like diabetes, tuberculosis, renal failure, leukemia, Cirrhosis and in severe burn cases. The fungal spores enter paranasal sinuses through inhalation and infection spreads to orbital and intracranial structures via blood vessels or by direct invasion. These organisms invade the arteries leading to thrombosisand subsequently cause necrosis of hard and soft tissues. We report a rare case of mucormycosisinvolving extensive area of palate in a 48-year old male patient with a medical history of diabetes andliver cirrhosis and met with accident a month back. Histopathological examination of H&E stainedsections revealed fungal hyphae in a connective tissue stroma. Non-septate branching hyphae were better appreciated through Gomori methenamine staining. Early diagnosis andtimely treatment can reduce the mortality and morbidity of this fatal condition.
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