Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have found a variety of applications in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental fields s, attributable to recent advances in the nanotechnology field. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have gained importance as metal oxide NPs due to their potential in various fields, particularly nanomedicine and other biomedicine fields. Several studies have confirmed that NPs produced via the biosynthesis route using natural resources have significant advantages such as fewer toxic contaminants, less subsequent complex chemical synthesis, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and stability when compared to NPs produced by conventional methods, and its production with controlled shapes and sizes. Therefore, considerable effort is being expended to implement biological synthesis methods with these proven advantages. TiO2-NPs can be made using a variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods. Physicochemical methods are costly, emit high levels of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere, and consume a lot of energy. On the other hand, the biological approach is an environmentally safe, cost-effective, dependable, convenient, and easy way to synthesize TiO2-NPs. In this review, the bio-mediated synthesis, as well as various biomedical applications of TiO2-NPs, were discussed.

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Nowadays, owing to their large surface area, enhanced pore volume, increased porosity, and variable pore size, mesoporous materials, such as mesoporous silica and mesoporous carbon, have attracted significant attention in the areas of physical science and biomedical sciences.

In this work, a simple, co-precipitation technique was used to prepare un-doped, pure tin oxide (SnO2). As synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles were doped with Cu2+ ions. Detailed characterization was carried out to observe the crystalline phase, morphological features and chemical constituents with opto-electrical and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). X-ray diffraction analysis showed the existence of crystalline, tetragonal structure of SnO2. Both the sample synthesized here showed different crystalline morphology. The band gap energy (Eg) of the synthesized sample was estimated and it was found to decrease from 3.60 to 3.26 eV. The band gap energy reduced due to increase in Cu2+ dopant amount inside the SnO2 lattice. Optical properties were analyzed using absorption spectra and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It was observed that Cu2+ ions incorporated SnO2 NPs exhibited more degradation efficiencies for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye compared to un-doped sample under UV-Visible irradiation. The dielectric characteristics of un-doped, pure and Cu2+ incorporated SnO2 nanoparticles were studied at different frequency region under different temperatures. The ac conductivity and impedance analysis of pure and Cu2+ incorporated SnO2 nanoparticles was also studied. The magnetic properties of the synthesized samples were analysed. Both the sample showed ferromagnetic properties. The research indicated that the Cu2+ ions doping can make the sample a promising candidate for using in the field of optoelectronics, magneto electronics, and microwave devices.

Infections after bone reconstructive surgery become an authentic therapeutic and economic issue when it comes to a modern health care system. In general; infected bone defects are regarded as contraindications for bone grafting. Since the pathogens develop a biofilm on the inner surface of the bone; local delivery of antibiotics becomes more important. The present work focuses on the synthesis of Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite (MPHAP) loaded with drug Vancomycin (Van) and to investigate its loading and leaching ability in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), to be used for post-operative infections. The effect of pore size on MPHAP was analyzed using different fatty acids as organic modifiers. The impacts of various fatty acids chain length on the morphology and pore size were studied. A simple impregnation technique with optimized conditions ensured a high antibiotic loading (up to 0.476 + 0.0135 mg/mL), with a complete in vitro release obtained within 50 h.

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The recent increase in the use of graphene and its derivatives is due to their exceptional physicochemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties as the industrial materials developed by involving graphene structures can fulfill future needs. In that view, the potential use of these graphene-containing nanomaterials in electronics applications has encouraged in-depth exploration of the electronic, conducting, and other functional properties. The protecting undifferentiated form of graphene has similarly been proposed for various applications, for example, as supercapacitors, photovoltaic and transparent conductors, touch screen points, optical limiters, optical frequency converters, and terahertz devices. The hybrid composite nanomaterials that undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes are important for many new technologies based on switchable devices. As a two-dimensional smart electronic material, graphene has received widespread attention, and with that view, we aim to cover the various types of graphene oxide (GO)-based composites, linking their optical and electrical properties with their structural and morphological ones. We believe that the topics covered in this review can shed light on the development of high-yield GO-containing electronic materials, which can be fabricated as the field moves forward and makes more significant advances in smart optoelectronic devices.

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