Cu-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Properties

Abstract

<jats:p>In this work, a simple, co-precipitation technique was used to prepare un-doped, pure tin oxide (SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). As synthesized SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles were doped with Cu<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> ions. Detailed characterization was carried out to observe the crystalline phase, morphological features and chemical constituents with opto-electrical and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). X-ray diffraction analysis showed the existence of crystalline, tetragonal structure of SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Both the sample synthesized here showed different crystalline morphology. The band gap energy (E<jats:sub>g</jats:sub>) of the synthesized sample was estimated and it was found to decrease from 3.60 to 3.26 eV. The band gap energy reduced due to increase in Cu<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> dopant amount inside the SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> lattice. Optical properties were analyzed using absorption spectra and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It was observed that Cu<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> ions incorporated SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs exhibited more degradation efficiencies for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye compared to un-doped sample under UV-Visible irradiation. The dielectric characteristics of un-doped, pure and Cu<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> incorporated SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles were studied at different frequency region under different temperatures. The ac conductivity and impedance analysis of pure and Cu<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> incorporated SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles was also studied. The magnetic properties of the synthesized samples were analysed. Both the sample showed ferromagnetic properties. The research indicated that the Cu<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> ions doping can make the sample a promising candidate for using in the field of optoelectronics, magneto electronics, and microwave devices.</jats:p>

Influence of Cu‐Doping Concentration on the Structural and Optical Properties of SnO2 Nanoparticles by Coprecipitation Route

“…The results from both methods indicated that as the doping concentration increased from 1% to 4%, the crystal size decreased. A similar trend of change in crystal size was reported by different literatures [37,38] for Cu-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles. This decrease in crystal size of SnO 2 as the Cu-doping level increases suggesting that the growth was suppressed due to doping of Cu 2+ ion into Sn site.…”

“…This decrease in crystal size of SnO 2 as the Cu-doping level increases suggesting that the growth was suppressed due to doping of Cu 2+ ion into Sn site. This can be attributed to the incorporation of Cu 2+ ion in the host lattice to create more nucleation sites which would increase the lattice strain by slowing down the growth of the crystals [37,39]. The density of dislocation (δ = 1/D 2 ) [35,40], where D is the crystallite size from Scherrer's formula, caused by the microstructural strain and other defects seen to increase as Cu-doping increased in the host lattice (Figure 3(b)).…”

The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 2: The Role of the Homeopathic Simillimum as a Complex System in Initiating Recovery from Disease

“…For mineral or mineral salt homeopathic medicine sources, the source materials may serve as dopants that tune the properties of whatever nano-structures form. [12][13][14][15] In the present model, electromagnetic and/or optical (photon-based) information, including quantum mechanical, arises from the manufacturing procedures. 16 There is nano-science evidence that the body would recognize the personal salience of the homeopathic potency signal to its current disease state because of the personalized protein corona shell from the recipient individual's own biomolecules that would immediately adsorb to form a coating around the surfaces of the medicine-related nano-structures on contact with the individual's biological fluids.…”

First principle investigation of hydrogen behavior in M doped Cu2O (M = Na, Li and Ti)

“…We know copper oxide as a p-type semiconductor in two stable forms, cupric oxide (CuO) and cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and this latter enables higher conversion efficiency when used as an absorber material for solar cell applications [4,5]. Moreover, the possibility of synthesizing nanoparticles enables excellent properties and opens the way to a new class of innovative and more efficient devices [6]. The ability to control the conductivity type can be important for the synthesizing of Cu 2 O thin films paired with other p-type materials.…”