Resumo: O óleo extraído das sementes de maracujá (Passiflora edulis) pode ser utilizado para diversos fins industriais, sendo aplicado na indústria de cosméticos, fabricação de tintas, sabões e outras. Mediante o incentivo dado à produção de biocombustíveis e o estudo das variadas fontes de matéria-prima nos últimos anos, o biodiesel produzido a partir do óleo extraído das sementes de maracujá, apresenta-se como viável alternativa em regiões produtoras. Para o presente estudo, as sementes de maracujá foram lavadas para retiradas dos resíduos de poupa e posteriormente secas à sombra. Elas foram prensadas mecanicamente através de prensa Ecirtec MP-40, e o óleo obtido, que possui a massa específica de 924,29 kg.m , passou pelos processos de filtragem e degomagem ácida com ácido fosfório a 5%. A produção do biodiesel foi feita por rota etílica e com o uso do NaOH como catalizador. Foram utilizados um agitador mecânico e um ultrasson no processo. Posteriormente, foram estudadas propriedades físicas como a viscosidade cinemática do combustível, onde obteve-se um valor de 4,197 mm².s EXTRACTION OF OIL, PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL FROM SEEDS OF PASSIONFRUIT -PASSIFLORAEDULISAbstract:The oil extracted from the seeds of passion fruit (Passifloraedulis) can be used for a lot of industrial purposes, being applied in cosmetics, paints, soaps and others. Through the encouragement of biofuels production and the study of different sources of raw materials in recent years, the biodiesel produced from the oil extracted from the seeds of passion fruit, presents itself as viable alternative for producing regions. For the present study, the passion fruit seeds were washed in order to remove the leavings of fruit and subsequently dried at shadow. They were mechanically pressed by Ecirtec MP-40 and the final oil, which has a density of 924,29kg.m -3 and a kinematic viscosity of 27,918mm².s -1 was subjected to filtration process and phosphoric acid degumming 5%. The production of biodiesel was performed by ethyl route using NaOH as a catalyst. We used a mechanical stirrer and an ultrasound in the process. Thereafter, physical properties were evaluated as the kinematic viscosity of the fuel, which were 4,197 mm 2 .s -1 .

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This study aims to evaluate the biodiesel production performance in laboratorial scale, applying the Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. This model allows to estimate the efficiency and volumes of different kind of oils used in tests. The input and output variables were obtained experimentally at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Technology and Processing of Agricultural Products - LTPC of the Department of Engineering of the Federal Fluminense University. It was made an efficiency analysis in networks, separated in three stages. In the first stage, were used as inputs: oil, alcohol, catalysts and glycerol (undesirable output) in order to analyze the crude biodiesel production (first stage output). In the second stage, the intermediate product generated in the first stage, was used as input, in addition to acid and deionized water, having as output the washed biodiesel. And, in the third stage, the intermediate product generated in the second stage, washed biodiesel, was used as input, with the final product being the washed and filtered biodiesel. The results suggested that for the production stage, the first one, the smaller volumes were more efficient, but for the global stage the most efficient was the DMU Canola 200mL. The model presented scale returns and a raising scale factor, for all kinds of oil.

Soybean biodiesel and mixtures with diesel are used as fuel in a diesel engine that drives a centrifugal pump. The consumption useful work rate, the reversible work rate and the efficiency of the second law of thermodynamics were calculated using an energetic and exergetic analysis. The soybean biodiesel was produced using ethanol in the proportion of 33% v/v and the catalyst NaOH (1%), obtaining a yield of 90,63%. The fuels used were diesel (B0); 25% soybean biodiesel and 75% diesel (B25); 50% soybean biodiesel and 50% diesel (B50); 75% soybean biodiesel and 25% diesel (B75) and soybean biodiesel (B100). The properties density and kinematic viscosity were within the established limits of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels.  A value of 39017 kJ.kg-1 was obtained, for the higher heating value of the soybean biodiesel (B100). It was obtained 32,05% of maximum efficiency of the second law, in the case of soybean biodiesel, at maximum pump speed and at 9,2 m3/h. For the B50 fuel, it was obtained 29,78% of maximum efficiency of the second law when the centrifugal pump operated at 2733 rpm and at a maximum flow rate.

approximately 4 million tons each. Although interchangeable, each one of these oils has specific characteristics that makes it more or less appropriate depending on its final use [12]. While the supply of vegetable oils is large, each of these oils have specific characteristics that make them more or less suitable for use as a biofuel [12]. The restriction on the use of soy for biodiesel is compared to the low oil content in their grains. The oil yield per hectare of soybean, considering an average oil content of 20% and within the grain yield per area of 400 to 800 kg in a crop that produces 2000 to 4000 kg / ha, respectively [21]. The yield of soybean is around 2.8 to 2.95 t / ha. According to the USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture United States) for the 2010/2011 harvest, the estimate of global soybean production was of 256.1 million tons (Table 1), down 1.46% compared to 259.89 million tons produced in 2009/2010. Likewise, the global consumption of 2010/2011 was estimated at 255.284.000 tons, an increase of 7.5% compared to 237.430.000 tons achieved in the previous crop. Still, world ending stocks of the product in 2010/2011 will be at 58.21 million tons, 3.26% below the world ending stocks of previous crop (2009/2010) of 60.17 million tons. Country Harvested Area (Million Hectares) Production (1000 MT

The present study is related with the analysis of energy and exergy of a centrifugal pump driven by a single cylinder diesel engine operating with passion fruit biodiesel and mixtures with diesel. Values of the useful work, the reversible work and the efficiency of the second law of thermodynamics were obtained. The passion fruit oil used to obtain the biodiesel was produced by mechanical extraction, filtration and degumming process from seeds discarded from the production process of passion fruit juice. The passion fruit biodiesel was produced by transesterification using ultrasound and methanol in the proportion of 40% v/v with a 1% of NaOH as a catalyst. The passion fruit biodiesel-diesel mixtures were prepared and classified as B0, B25, B50, B75 and B100. These mixtures were submitted to physical-chemical characterization and utilized in the centrifugal pump driven by a diesel engine. For the mixtures of passion fruit biodiesel with diesel, the maximum efficiency of the second law was 29.83% in the case of B25 mixture, at 9.45 m3/h and at maximum pump speed. When the centrifugal pump operated at maximum flow rate, the maximum efficiency of the second law was 31.78% in the case of passion fruit biodiesel (B100), at 2722 rpm.

A demanda global de energia aumentou significativamente e as nações passaram a depender do petróleo como a principal fonte energética. No entanto, o uso desta matéria-prima tende a apresentar limitações em relação à disponibilidade a longo prazo. Dessa forma, o estudo de diferentes matérias-primas para a produção de combustíveis renováveis é de grande importância. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a produção de biodiesel de milho e o estudo das características físico-químicas das misturas diesel-biodiesel nas proporções de 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% e 90%. O biodiesel foi produzido por rota metílica, utilizando hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) como catalisador. A transesterificação ocorreu sob agitação magnética, sendo respeitada a proporção de 6 mols de álcool metílico para 1 mol de óleo vegetal, 1% de NaOH na base volumétrica e tempo de agitação de 60 minutos. Observou-se aumento da massa específica e viscosidade cinemática em relação à proporção de biodiesel nas misturas. Os resultados indicaram que a produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo de milho obteve rendimento médio satisfatório de 94,29% e que apenas as misturas diesel-biodiesel B10, B20, B30, B40 e B50 apresentaram massa específica e viscosidade cinemática em padrões concordantes com a norma.

O presente estudo trata da produção dos biodieseis dos óleos de coco, soja e maracujá obtidos por transesterificação utilizando ultrassom, assim como sua caracterização físico-química. Os óleos de coco e soja foram adquiridos no comércio varejista, e o óleo de maracujá foi produzido em Laboratório na Universidade Federal Fluminense. O processo de transesterificação se deu com o uso do ultrassom Cole Parmer 750W. Verificou-se o rendimento dos biodieseis produzidos em relação ao volume de óleo utilizado nas bateladas. Foram feitas misturas do biodiesel produzido com o óleo diesel nas proporções B0, B25, B50, B75 e B100. As misturas foram caracterizadas através das propriedades físico-químicas: viscosidade cinemática a 40°C; massa específica a 20°C; ponto de névoa e ponto de fluidez. A massa específica das misturas foi determinada por meio do Método do Picnômetro, sendo encontrados valores de massa específica entre 832,166kg/m3 a 20°C para o diesel (B0) e 884,619kg/m3 a 20°C para o biodiesel de maracujá (B100), confirmando o aumento da massa específica em relação ao aumento do biodiesel nas misturas. A viscosidade cinemática das misturas, também, apresentou valores maiores com o acréscimo do biodiesel nas misturas. O biodiesel de coco apresentou ponto de névoa elevado (7,20°C) sendo este valor superior ao verificado em outros biodieseis e no diesel.